Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.8 No.1
Abstract
In three experiments, the effects of types of referencing terms and multiplicity of implied instrumental concepts on referential resolution were investigated. Experiment 1 showed that explicit referencing sentences were read faster and recognized better than the implicit ones, and that specific term referencing sentences were read faster than the general term referencing ones. Experiment 2 showed reading time was faster for the specific term referencing sentences than for general term referencing ones under multiple instrumental implication condition(MIIC), while no difference was found under single instrumental implication condition(SIIC). In Experiment 3,it was found that under SIIC target words in general term referencing sentences were recognized slower than in specific term referencing sentences and in explicit referencing ones. With MIIC, there was no difference across different types of referencing. The general results of three experiments were interpreted as suggesting that resolution of referencing relation is effective if instrumental concepts are implied strongly and uniquely in action context.
Abstract
In this study, three different story-structures(goal-embedded. sequential and discontinuous structures) were employed. In Experiment I, the free-generation of inference showed that forward inference was more frequent with goal-embedded stories while backward inference occured more with sequential and discontinuous stories. In Experiment II, the reading time was shown to be shorter in the order of for goal-embedded, sequential, discontinuous stories, and to be fast with initiating event and goal than attempts and consequence categories in sequential and discontinuous stories. In Experiment III, the sentence verification results showed RT and error rates increased in the order of goal-embedded. sequential, discontinuous stories, and RT was slower for initial ting event and goal than for attempt and outcome calories. These results indicate that goal-embedded story structures are preferable to others in constructing the macro structure of a story, and that the macro structure permits an easier matching with knowledges to enable us to make forwoard inferences which facilitate discourse processing.
Abstract
An experiment was performed to investigate the functional equivalence between mental imagery and perception and to identify the representational features that could be included in mental imagery. In the experiment, subjects were tested with various types of modified versions of common fllusory figures to examine whether illusion could be induced by imagination. For the purpose of experiment, the illusory figures were separated into two different parts, one for the illusion inducing part and another for the to-be-distorted part. Furthermore. the illusion inducing part was modified in such a way that it included only a limited set of dots corresponding to the end points of the illusion inducing features. While the subject was viewing the inducing part and imagining the missing part, the test figure (the to-be-distorted) was briefly flashed and then the subect was asked to judge the length, orientation, or size of the to-be-distorted test elements. All of the subjects participated in the experiment reported their judgements in the direction that might be anticipated with the real illusory figures. Such result was interpreted as an index of a functional equivalence between the imagery and the percept and thus an indication of sharing some common information processing channels by the two structures.
Abstract
Stimulating monopolar electrodes were chronically implanted in the lateral reticular nucleus(LRN) of three groups of male rabbits, and lesioning monopolar electrodes were also chronically implanted in the interpositus region of the cerebellum. After one week recovery period, conditioning was carried out by pairing a LRN stimulation as CS with a 100msec peri-orbitai electrical shock as US. The three groups were given either 200, 350, or 550msec trains of electric! stimulation CS that coterminated with the 100msec peri orbital electricl shock US, thus producing a 100, 250 or 450msec interstimulus interval(ISI). Varing the ISI in the present study produced differences in the percentage of CRs in the three groups of rabbits. Relatively robust rapid conditioning was observed with ISI of 250msec, moderate degree of conditioning with IS] of 450msec and little conditioning with ISI of 100msec. However, the last group of rabbits demonstrated robust rapid conditioned response after they were switched to the 250msec ISI. Finally, lesion of the interpositus region abolished the conditioned response but left unconditioned response intact. The data indicated that the charaterislic ISI function which was observed for classically conditioned responses, was established with LRN electrical stimulation as a CS, and that these classically conditioned responses depended on the cerebellum.
Abstract
The nictitating membrane responses of 6 rabbits were classically conditioned using electrical stimulation of the dorsal accessory olive(DAO) as an unconditioned stimulus and a tone as a conditioned stimulus. When compared to the conditioning d. control group using a standard unconditioned stimulus of periorbital electrical shock in the experiments of three stages, the conditioning produced by DAO stimulation is similar to the controls. In acquistion of conditioned nictitating membrane response, animals trained with DAO stimulation were slightly restarded than those with periorbital electrical shock but both groups eventually reached to a conditioning criterion of 80% CRs. After overtrained with DAO stimulation, conditioning of contralateral nictitating membrane responses with periorbital shock as unconditioned stimulus followed and the rate of conditioned response acquisition measured. It was observed that rapid acquisition occured during contralateral conditioning with periorbital shock. There was no significant differenc between DAO stimulation group and periorbital shock group in the rate of extinction. These results indicate that stimulation of the DAO can serve as an effective US to be identical to periorbital electrical shock. Therefore, the present, experiments, suggest that DAO forms a portion of the US pathway conveying information about the occurrence of an US to the cerebellum.
Abstract
Inoculation on attitude is a phenomenon that people resist strong persuasive attacks, through forming an 'antibody' in his own attitude, if he would be frequently exposed to the information to threat his own attitude. However. Characteristics of the antibody has not been discovered. This study was designed on the assumption that attitudinal inoculation results from the change of attitudinal structure, that is change, from bipolarity to duality structure. We suppose that inoculation treatments make people concieve two opponent attitude-objects, 'teeth-brushing' vs 'non-teeth-brushing', from exclusively existing each other(bipolarity structure) to simultaneously standing together(duality structure). Because two opponent attitudes in the duality structure are determined independently, attitude toward 'non-teeth brushing' is changed according to the direction of persuasive attack with 'non-teeth brushing' but attitude toward 'teeth-brushing' is not changed. Those assumptions were supported by two experiments.
Abstract
The concept of possible selves, which provide the essential link between self-concept and motivation, has been developed by Markus and Nurius as the cognitive manifestation of goals, aspirations, motives, and fears. According to Markus and Nurius, possible selves are important because they function as incentives for future behavior and because they provide an evaluative and interpretive context for the current view of self. In this study, three hypothesized models were tested to verify the influence on several variables like affect, self-esteem, self-efficacy, personal-control and motivation by using covariance structure modeling. The results suggest that the model of current-self shows good fitting indices while the other two models(the model of possible-self, the model of current-self, and possible selves) are failed to show good fitting indicts.