ISSN : 1225-6706
이 글은 지구공동체의 새로운 윤리로서 환경정의에 관한 실천적 이론적 관심을 고양하고 이를 환경교육의 핵심에 놓는 데 기여하고자 한다. 근대 자본주의의 발전은 환경불평등을 초래했으며, 특히 최근 시장메커니즘에 기초한 신자유주의적 세계화 과정은 이를 심화하고 있다. 따라서 이 논문은 환경불평등을 심화하는 시장의 논리에서 환경정의의 윤리로 전환해야 한다는 점을 강조한다. 환경정의의 윤리는 이러한 환경불평등으로 고통받는 다양한 계층 및 인종들에 의한 실천운동에서 제기되었다. 환경정의에 대한 관심이 증대함에 따라 환경불평등에 관한 다양한 경험적 연구와 더불어 철학적·사회이론적 전통들 ― 자유주의, 공리주, 마르크스주의, 포스트모더니즘 등 ― 에 기초해 환경정의를 개념화하기 위한 연구들이 전개되고 있다. 또한 환경정의에 대한 실천적 이론적 관심 증대는 환경정의를 중심으로 한 환경교육에 대한 강조로도 이어지고 있다. 환경정의교육은 전통적 환경교육과는 달리 도시사회에 심화되고 있는 계층, 인종, 지역 간 환경불평등의 문제들을 부각시키고 여기에 윤리적·실천적으로 접근해 환경정의에 기초한 생태공동체를 구축하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
This paper contributes to promote practical and theoretical interests in environmental justice and to place it to the center of environmental education. The developmental process of modern capitalism has brought about environmental inequalities, and in particular the neoliberal globalization process operating on the basis of market mechanism tends to have accelerated them. Thus, this paper suggests that the logic of market which has generated and deepened environmental inequalities should be replaced with the ethics of environmental justice. The ethics of environmental justice has emerged from practical movements of peoples of diverse classes and ethnic groups who have suffered from environmental inequalities. As the concerns on environmental justice have increased, there have been both various empirical researches on environmental inequalities and theoretical considerations to conceptualize environmental justice under several kinds of philosophical and social theoretical traditions(e.g. liberalism, utilitarianism, Marxism, postmodernism, etc.). What is more, such increasing concerns with environmental justice has been reflected on education for environmental justice. Environmental justice education, unlike traditional environmental education, gives the main focus to environmental inequalities between classes, ethnic groups and regions and tries to construct ecological communities in which humans and other members of ecology can share their environments and hence co-evolve each other.
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