ISSN : 1225-6706
북미국은 사유재산권 보호 이념이 강고한 나라임에도 불구하고 사적 이익을 위한 공용수용의 증가와 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 공익 개념의 확장으로 많은 사회적갈등을 낳고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 갈등의 기원을 독립혁명기와 건국 초기 재산권 사상과 공용수용 선례에서 맹아적 형태로 존재하고 있음을 추적한다. 제퍼슨, 애덤스, 매디슨 등 미국 건국자들은 로크의 영향을 받아 사유재산권 사상을근본이념으로 하는 자유주의 사상에 기반하고 있었지만 사회적 약자를 보호하기위한 노력도 전개하였다. 그러나 국가발전 과정에서 산업화와 공공시설의 필요성때문에 공용수용이 증가하면서 사유재산권 보호이념과 충돌을 낳았다. 특히 제분소법 시대와 초과수용 문제는 오늘날 도시개발에서 쟁점이 되고 있는 사적 이익을 위한 공용수용의 맹아적 형태를 보여준다. 주권으로서 공용수용권 사고와 삼권분립차원에서 사법부의 입법부 존중주의 원칙을 일찍부터 정립하였으나 역사적전개과정은 사적 이익을 위한 공용수용권 행사로 변질되고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이러한 변화는 사법적 권력을 바탕으로 하는 자본에 의한 공간지배 강화의구체적인 과정이라고 해석할 수 있다.
Today the US give rise to many social problems because of increase of eminent domain for private benefits and expansion of public use concept in spite of strong ideology about protection of private property. This study traces origin of this conflicts back to what was as a embryo in the private property thoughts and cases of eminent domain in the early years of US foundation and Independent Revolution. The founders of the US including Jefferson,Adams and Madison based on Locke’s thoughts established liberal thoughts that treat private property thoughts as fundamental ideology, and they also proceeded efforts to protect interests of the social disadvantages. But increase of eminent domain according to industrialization and utilities necessity in the national development process conflicts with the private property thoughts. Especially, era of Mill Acts and issues of excess condemnation show the embryo forms of public-private takings which are core issues in today urban regeneration. The US government early established eminent domain system as a sovereignty and judicial deference approach with the separation of powers,but historical development proves that eminent domain systems turn into public-private takings. This paper interpret these changes as specific processes deepening spatial domination by capital based on judicial powers.
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