- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
분권과 주민참여를 통한 상향식 지역계획 사례 연구 인도 케랄라 주 ‘주민계획’의 특징과 시사점
Bottom-up planning process for local development through decentralization and participation: Implications of ‘People’s plan’ in Kerala, India
초록
중앙정부가 주도하는 하향식 지역발전 대신 지방정부와 주민이 주도하는 상향식 지역발전에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 1970년대 낮은 경제 수준에도 불구하고 높은 사회 발전을 이룩하여 전 세계에 새로운 발전 모델을 선보인 바 있는 인도의 케랄라 주(州)는 1990년대 말부터 주 정부가 가졌던 권한을 하위 지방자치단체 및 지역 주민에게 획기적으로 이양하는 급진적 지방분권과 아울러 지역발전을 위한 계획과정에 주민들의 직접 참여를 확대하는 “주민계획(People’s Plan)”을시행해왔다. 철저하게 상향식 방식으로 진행된 케랄라 주 주민계획을 통하여 주민참여와 주민권능부여가 크게 확대되었다. 이 논문에서는 케랄라 주에서 시행하고 있는 상향식 계획과정인 “주민계획”의 추진 배경과 추진 과정, 그 의의와 시사점에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.
- keywords
- 케랄라, 인도, 지방분권, 주민참여, 주민계획, 지역발전, Kerala, India, decentralization, participation, People’s Planning, local development.
Abstract
The Indian state of Kerala has been successfully carrying out decentralization and empowering people and local communities, especially through the 'People's Plan' since 1990s. People’s plan of Kerala started the devolution of control of decisions and budgets for local development from a centralized bureaucracy to local communities and ordinary people. Through People’s plan,local people could participate in planning process, and determine and implement their development projects by themselves with their own priorities. This paper aims to comprehend overall evolving process of the People’s plan in Kerala from the campaign phase to the institutional phase since 1990s, and to analyse the characteristics and implications of Kerala's unique experiments in the world.
- keywords
- 케랄라, 인도, 지방분권, 주민참여, 주민계획, 지역발전, Kerala, India, decentralization, participation, People’s Planning, local development.
참고문헌
강현수. 2010. ｢인도 케랄라의 급진적 개혁을 통한 지역발전 사례｣. ≪동향과 전망≫, 2010년 봄호, 통권 78호, 148~182쪽.
김용웅·차미숙·강현수. 2003. 지역발전론 . 한울.
박정석. 2008. ｢남인도 케랄라의 국제노동이주와 송금｣. ≪국제지역연구≫, 제12권제2호, 161~184쪽.
이병진. 2005. ｢사회적 자본 형성과 대중운동 간의 관계에 관한 연구: 께랄라주의인민 참여운동 사례를 중심으로｣. ≪인도연구≫, 제10권 1호, 63~86쪽.
이상수. 2007. ｢인도 제73차 개헌법 상의 지방자치 개혁과 그에 대한 법사회적 평가｣. ≪행정법연구≫, 제18호, 449~471쪽.
장용규. 2006. ｢재외인도인의 연망과 공동체 형성: 두바이 체류 재외 케랄라인의 개인 연망을 통해 본 공동체 재생산｣. ≪국제지역연구≫, 제10권 제3호,281~306쪽.
조명래. 1985. ｢대안적 방식으로서의 상향적 지역개발｣. 최상철 외. 1985. 지방의재발견 . 민음사.
토크빌(Tocqueville, A.). 1997. 미국의 민주주의 1 . 임효선·박지동 역. 한길사.
Drèze, J, and Sen, A. 2002. India: Development and Participation <2nd edition>, Oxford University Press.
Evans, P. 1996. “Government action, social capital and development: Reviewing the evidence on synergy.” World Development, Vol. 24, No. 4.
Franke, R. W. and Chasin B. H. 1994. Kerala: Radical Reform as Development in an Indian State <2nd edition>. San Francisco: Food First Development Report.
Franke, R. W. and Chasin, B. H. 2005. “Kerala: Radical Reform as Development in an Indian State.” Edelman, M and A. Haugerud. (eds.). 2005. The Anthropology of Development and Globalization: From Classical Political Economy to Contemporary Neoliberalism. Wiley-Blackwell.
Government of India, Planning Commission. 2006. Report of the Working Group on Democratic Decentralisation & PRIs.
Government of India, Planning Commission. 2007. Kerala Development Report (State Development Report series). Academic Foundation.
Government of Kerala. 1999. People’s Planning: Towards a Handbook. Kerala State Planning Board.
Government of Kerala. 2002. Draft 10th Five Year Plan 2002-2007 and Annual Plan 2002-2003. Kerala State Planning Board.
Government of Kerala. 2006. Human Development Report 2005.
Government of Kerala. 2009. Report of the Committee for Evaluation of Decentralized Planning and Development.
Government of Kerala. 각 연도. Economic Review. Kerala State Planning Board.
Harilal K. N. 2008. “Redesigning local governance in India.” Saito, F. (ed) 2008. Foundations for Local Governance: Decentralization in Comparative Perspective. Physica- Verlag Heidelberg.
Heller P. 1996. “Social Capital as a Product of Class Mobilization and State Intervention: Industrial Workers in Kerala, India.” World Development, Vol. 24, No. 6. 1055~ 1071.
Industrial Workers in Kerala, India. 2000. “Degrees of Democracy: Some Comparative Lessons from India.” World Politics, Vol. 52, No. 4. 484~519.
Heller P., Harilalb K. N. and Chaudhuri S. 2007. “Building Local Democracy: Evaluating the Impact of Decentralization in Kerala, India.” World Development, Vol. 35, No. 4, 626~648.
Heller, P. 2001. “Moving the State: The Politics of Democratic Decentralization in Kerala, South Africa, and Porto Alegre.” Politics & Society, Vol. 29, No. 1, 131~163.
John, M. S. and Chathukulam, J. 2007. “Between Euphoria and Scepticism: Ten Years of Panchayat Raj in Kerala.” in Oommen, M.A. (ed.) 2007. A Decade of Decentralisation in Kerala: Experience and Lessons. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
Justinoa, P. 2006. “The impact of collective action on economic development: empirical evidence from Kerala, India.” World Development, Vol 34, Issue 7.
Kannan K. P. and Pillai, N. V. 2004. “Development as a right to freedom: An interpretation of the ‘Kerala Model’.” Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum Working Papers 361.
Kannan, K. P. 1988. Of Rural Proletarian Struggles: Mobilization and Organization of Rural Workers in South-Wesi India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Oommen, M.A. (ed.) 2007. A Decade of Decentralisation in Kerala: Experience and Lessons. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.
Parayil, G. 2000. (ed.) Kerala: the Development Experience: Reflections on Sustainability and Replicability. Zed Books.
Putman, R. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton Univ. Press. 안청시 외 역. 2002. 사회적 자본과 민주주의 . 박영사.
Rajasekharan, K. 2007. “Decentralisation in Kerala: Problems and Prospects.” Joseph, T. M. (ed) 2007. Local governance in India: ideas, challenges, and strategies. Concept Publishing company, New Delhi.
Rajesh. K. P. 2004. “The structure and growth of Kerala’s Industry during the Post-Liberalisation Period.” in Prakash B. A.(ed.) 2004. Kerala’s Economic Development: Performance, Problems in the Post-Liberalisation Period <2nd edition>. New Delhi: Sage.
Ramachandran, V. K. 1997. “On Kerala’s Development Achievements.” in Drèze J. and Sen, A. (eds.) 1997. Indian Development. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Saito, C. and Kato, R. 2008. “Contrasting Experiences of Decentralization in Two States in India.” Saito, F (ed.) 2008. Foundations for Local Governance: Decentralization in Comparative Perspective. Physica-Verlag Heidelberg.
Sen, A. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press. 박우희 역. 2001. 자유로서의 발전 . 세종연구원.
Stöhr, W. B. 1981. “Development from below: The bottom-up and periphery-inward development paradigm.” in Stöhr, W. B. and Taylor D. R. F. 1981. Development from above or below?: The dialectics of regional planning in developing countries. John Wiley & Sons.
Stöhr, W. B. 2001. “Subsidiarity: A Key Concept for Regional Development Policy.” in Stöhr, W. B. et al (eds.) 2001. New Regional Development Paradigms Vol. 3: Decentralization, Governance, and the New Planning for Local-Level Development. Praeger Publishers.
Thomas Isaac T. M. and Franke R. W. 2002. Local Democracy and Development: the Kerala People’s Campaign for Decentralized Planning. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Thomas Isaac T. M. et al. 1997. “From Anti-Feudalism to Sustainable Development: The Kerala Peoples Science Movement.” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29(3), 34～ 44.
Thomas, E. M. 2004. “Decentralised Planning in Kerala.” Prakash B. A. 2004. (ed.) Kerala's Economic Development <2nd edition>. New Delhi: Sage.
United Nations, Centre for Development Studies. 1975. Poverty, Un employment and Development Policy: A Case Study of Selected Issues with Reference to Kerala. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
http://india.gov.in/ (인도 연방정부 홈페이지).
http://www.kerala.gov.in/ (케랄라 주정부 홈페이지).
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수