Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
The Energyscape of the Mekong: Formation and Transformations of Hydropower paths in the Mekong Region
Abstract
Mekong River in mainland Southeast Asia is one of the great international riversand for basin development should be based on close cooperation among six basincountries. In the Mekong region, regional development has been pursued in earnestafter economic transition of previous socialist countries in mid-1990. The principalscheme for change was presented as the Greater Mekong Sub-region(GMS) programinitiated by ADB and the program has been aiming to produce “an imagined singlenatural-economic community” covering whole Indochina Peninsula and southwesternparts of China. In this process, The Mekong River has been transformed into thesignifier of integration for mutual prosperity from the frontline of the Cold Warconflict. However, various social conflicts has emerged as development projects proceedsand, especially, hydropower development in the Mekong mainstream and itstributaries is one of the most controversial topics. By focusing on the origin and trajectories of hydro-developmental path, this studyaims to expand the horizons Mekong research in Korea historically andgeographically. Specifically, this study examines national and regional hydropowerdevelopment plans, unplaned implementations, and those outcomes and effects inthe Mekong River Region. Then, I reveal that a starting point for regional integrationin mainland Southeast Asia as a single distinctive unit is the constructingMekong Energyscape based on intensive hydropower developments in a basin-widescale. This study will provide an in-depth understanding on the current conflictover the use and management of the Mekong River by identifying contradictoryinteractions on the hydropower development path in the Mekong region.
- keywords
- 메콩 지역, 자연-경제 공동체, 수력 개발, 대문자 에너지 경관, 지역화, Mekong Region, natural-economic community, hydropower development, energyscape, regionalization
Reference
김정인·최동주. 1998. ｢메콩강 유역 개발사업과 환경‧자원갈등｣. ≪동남아시아연구≫ 제6권 제1호.
김종규. 2001. ｢한국지리와 해외지역 연구｣. 제29차 세계지리학대회 조직위원회(편). 한국의 지리학과 지리학자 . 한울.
김태윤·김홍구·조영희·이요한·신민금. 2011. 메콩지역 개발 전략: 태국, 캄보디아, 라오스 . 대외경제정책연구원(전략지역심층연구 11-08).
류석춘·최진명. 2012. ｢메콩강유역개발사업(GMS)을 통해 본 중국의 대 동남아시아지역협력 연구: 중국 대외정책의 변화배경과 지역협력의 양면성｣. ≪국제지역연구≫ 제21권 제2호, 137∼173쪽.
박배균. 2012. ｢한국학연구에서 사회-공간론적 관점의 필요성에 대한 소고｣. ≪대한지리학회지≫ 제47권 제1호, 37∼59쪽.
박선희. 2007. ｢신지역주의와 아셈: 세 가지 층위의 지역｣. ≪유럽연구≫ 제25권 제3호, 109∼133쪽.
신연재. 2006. ｢물 문제와 국제하천분쟁｣. ≪국제정치연구≫ 제9권 제1호, 169∼201쪽.
심의섭. 1997. ｢메콩강 개발사업과 경제적 평가｣. ≪동북아경제연구≫ 제9권 제1호.
양승윤·이요한. 1997.｢ 메콩강개발과 동남아 지역협력 전망｣. ≪국제지역연구≫ 제1권 제2호.
엄은희, 2015, ｢메콩과 사람들 ① 메콩의 지명과 지정학｣. ≪친디아플러스≫ 11월호, 포스코경영연구소, 40∼41쪽.
이요한. 2013. 메콩강의 진주, 라오스: 들여다보기, 이해하기, 돌아보기 . 한울.
이요한. 2014. ｢메콩 수자원 개발 이익과 비용 주체의 쟁점과 갈등: 본류 댐 싸야부리와 돈사홍을 중심으로｣. ≪동남아시아연구≫ 제24권 제2호, 195∼238쪽.
이준표. 게재예정. ｢메콩강유역의 지속가능한 개발을 위한 법적 과제｣. ≪공간과 사회≫ 제53호.
임병조·류제헌. 2007. ｢포스트모던 시대에 적합한 지역 개념의 모색: 동일성(identity)개념을 중심으로｣. ≪대한지리학회지≫ 제42권 제4호, 582∼600쪽.
전제성. 2014. ｢한국의 동남아 지역연구 현황과 지리학의 기여 가능성｣. ≪한국지역지리학회지≫ 제20권 제4호, 379∼392쪽.
정재완‧권경덕. 2003. 메콩강 유역개발: GMS 프로그램 10년의 평가와 시사점 . 대외경제정책연구원.
조영희. 2013. ｢메콩지역 환경거버넌스와 비정부조직의 역할｣. ≪한국태국학회논총≫ 제20권 제1호, 193∼235쪽.
조윤수. 2000. ｢중국의 대메콩강유역개발정책 및 그 의의｣. ≪국제지역연구≫ 제4권제2호, 23∼68쪽.
조흥국‧김홍구‧박장식‧조윤수‧하순‧권기철‧정재완. 2002. 메콩강과 지역협력 . 부산외국어대학교 출판부.
최영종. 2007. ｢비교지역통합 연구와 동아시아의 지역협력｣. ≪국제정치논총≫ 제40권 제1호, 57∼75쪽.
한재각. 2014. ｢한국 에너지정책과 전문성의 정치: 에너지 모델링의 사회학｣. 국민대학교 박사학위 청구논문.
ADB. 1999. Economic Cooperation in the Greater Mekong Subregion: An Overview. Malia:ADB(Asian Development Bank).
ADB. 2009. Annual Report of the Community of Practice on Water. Manila: Asian Development Bank
ADB. 2012. Greater Mekong Subregion Power Trade and Interconnection 2 Decades of Cooperation. Asian Development Bank.
Appadurai, A. 2000. Modernity at Large. University of Minnesota press.
Bakker, K. 1999. “The politics of hydropower: developing the Mekong.” Political Geography 18, pp. 209∼232.
Cornford, J. and Matthews, N. 2007. Hidden Costs: The underside of economic transformation in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Oxfam Australia(https://www.oxfam.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/oaus-hiddencostsmekong-0907.pdf).
Cronin, R. and Weatherby, C. 2015. Letters from the Mekong: Time for a new narrative on Mekong Hydropower. STIMSON Center(www.stimson.org).
Dore, J. and Lazarus, K. 2009. “De-marginalizing the Mekong River Commission.” in Moll F., Fran, T. and Käkönen. Contested Waterscpaces in the Mekong Region: Hydropower. Livelihoods and Governance.
Ferrie J. 2010. “Laos turns to hydropower to be ‘Asia’s battery’.” Christian Science Monitor 2 July. Available at: www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2010/0702/Laos-turnsto-hydropower-to-be-Asia-s-battery (accessed 19 February 2012).
Gibson-Graham, J. K. 2006. The End of Capitalism: As We knew it. University of Minnesota(JK 깁슨-그레엄 저. 엄은희·이현재 역. 2013. 그따위 자본주의는벌써 끝났다: 여성주의 정치경제 비판 . 알트).
Glassman, J. 2010. Bounding the Mekong: The Asian Development Bank, China, and Thailand. University of Hawaii’s Press.
Glassman, J. 2014(unpublished). Tracing the Mekong Region: A Critical History of a Political Geography(proceeding for International Conference on Development and Cooperation of the Mekong Region, December 4-5, 2014).
Greacen, C. and Greacen, C. 2004. “Thailand’s electricity reforms: privatization of benefits and socialization of costs and risks.” Pacific Affairs 77(4).
Greacen, C. and Greacen, C. 2012. Proposed Power Development Plan (PDP) 2012 and a Framework for Improving Accountability and Performance of Power Sector Planning(https://www.internationalrivers.org/files/attached-files/pdp2012-eng.pdf).
Greacen, C. and Palettu, A. 2007. “Electricity sector planning and hydropower in the Mekong Region.” in L. Lebel, J. Dore, R. Daniel and Y. S. Koma. 2007. Democratizing Water Governance in the Mekong Region. Mekong Press(http://www.palangthai. org/docs/ElectricitySectorPlanning%26HydropowerInMekongFull.pdf).
Grumbine and Xu. 2011. “Mekong Hydropower Development.” SCIENCE Vol 332 (2011-04-08 published)(www.sciencemag.org).
Henniga, T., Wenling Wangb, C., Yan Fengb, C., Xiaokun Oub, Daming He. 2013. “Review of Yunnan’s hydropower development. Comparing small and large hydropower projects regarding their environmental implications and socio-economic consequences.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 27, pp. 585～595.
Hildyard, N., Lohmann, L., and Sexton, S. 2012. Energy Security For What? For Whom?. The Corner House(http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Energy%20Security%20For%20Whom%20For%20What.pdf)(코너하우스 저, 이정필‧조보영‧권승문‧유예질 역. 2015. 에너지 안보: 지금은 안 보이는 에너지 안보 상상하기 . 이매진).
Hill, M. T. and Hill, S. A. 1994. Fisheries ecology and hydropower in the Mekong river: An evaluation of run-of-the-river projects. Bangkok: Mekong Secretariat.
Hirsch, P. 2006. “Water governance reform and catchment management in the Mekong region.” Journal of Environment and Development 15(2), pp. 184∼201.
Hirsh. 2001. “Globalisation, Regionalization and Local Voices: the Asian Development Bank and Rescaled Politics of Environment in the Mekong Region.” Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 22(3), pp. 237∼251.
Hirsh. 2010. “The Changing Political Dynamics of Dam Building on the Mekong.” Water Alternatives 3(2), pp. 312∼323(http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/volume 3/v3issue2/95-a3-2-18/file).
Hirsh. 2011. “China and the Cascading Geopolitics of Lower Mekong Dams.” The Asia-Pacific Journal 9(1), No. 2.
Huber, M. 2013. “What do we mean by “Energy Policy?” Life, Capitalism, and the Broader Field of Energy Politics.“ State of Nature(an online journal of radical ideas)(http://www.stateofnature.org/?p=7138#sthash.Rv3OS2Ci.dpuf).
Hutt, D. 2015. Absolute power. Globe(http://sea-globe.com/laos-david-hutt-southeast-asia globe/)(2015-06-04).
IEA(International Energy Agency). 2011. Clean Energy Progress Report. Washington, DC:US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration.
International center for Environmental Management(ICEM). 2010. Strategic Environmental Assessment of Hydropower on the Mekong River Mainstream. Mekong River Commission(October 2010).
International Rviers. 2010. Existing and Planned Lao Hydropower Projects(http://internationalrivers. org.en/southeast-asia/lao).
Jacobs, J. W. 2000. “The United States and the Mekong Project.” Water Policy 1(6), pp. 587～603.
Kaisti, H and Käkönen. 2012. “Actors, Interests and Forces Shaping the Energyscape of the Mekong Region.” Forum for Development Studies 39(2), pp. 147∼158.
Lee, S-H. 2013. “Hydropower Development in the Mekong River Basin: Analysis through the Hydro-Hegemonic Approach.” The Southeast Asian Review 23(1), pp. 223∼259.
Mattews, N. 2012. “Water Grabbing in the Mekong Basin ～ An Analysis of the Winners and Losers of Thailand’s Hydropower Development in Lao PDR.” Water Alternatives 5(2), pp. 392∼411.
Middleton C., Garcia J. and Foran T. 2009. “Old and new hydropower players in the Mekong region: Agendas and strategies,” In: Molle F., Foran T. and Kakonen M. (eds). Contested Waterscapes in the Mekong Region: Hydropower, Livelihoods and Governance. London: Earthscan, 23～45.
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan(METI). 2015. Research Project on Infrastructure Connectivity in Mekong Region.
Moll, F., Fran, T. and Käkönen. 2009. Contested Waterscpaces in the Mekong Region:Hydropower, Livelihoods and Governance. London: Earthscan.
Moll, F., Foran, T., and Floch, P. 2009. “Introduction: Changing Waterscapes in the Mekong Region- Historical Background and Context.” in Moll F., Fran, T. and Käkönen. Contested Waterscpaces in the Mekong Region: Hydropower, Livelihoods and Governance.
MRC. 1995. Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin. Mekong River Commission, Bangkok.
MRC. 2010b. Assessment of basin-wide development scenarios, basin development plan programme, Phase 2. Vientiane. Lao PDR: Mekong River Commission Secretariat.
Osborne, M. 2001. The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future. Grove Press.
Pöyry. 2011. Government of Laos Xayaburi hydropower compliance report. Zurich, Switzerland: Pöyry Energy AG(http://www.poyry.com/sites/default/files/imce/eng_xayaburi_hpp_09112012_final.pdf).
Rigg, J. 2012. Unplanned Development: Tracking Changes in South-East Asia. Zed Book.
Ryder, G. 1996. “The rise and fall of EGAT: From monopoly to marketplace?.” Watershed Nov.96/Feb. 97, pp. 13-25(http://journal.probeinternational.org/1996/11/01/rise-andfall-egat-monopoly-marketplace/).
Sneddon, C. 2012. “The ‘sinew of development’: Cold War geopolitics, technical expertise, and water resource development in Southeast Asia, 1954～1975.” Social Studies of Science 42(4), pp. 564∼590.
Sneddon C. and Fox C. 2006. “Rethinking transboundary waters: A critical hydropolitics of the Mekong basin.” Political Geography 25(2), pp. 181～202.
Suhardiman, D., Giordano, M. and Molle, F. 2012. “Scalar disconnect: The logic of transboundary water governance in the Mekong.” Society and Natural Resources: An International Journal 25(6), pp. 572∼586.
TERRA. 1995. “Mekong politics: ‘new era’, same old plans.” Special Issue; Watershed:People’s Forum on Ecology 1(1).
TERRA. 1996. “Pak Mun: The lessons are clear, but is anyone listening?.” Watershed 1(3).
WCD(World Commission on Dams). 2000. Dams and development: A new framework for decision-making. London: Earthscan.
인터넷 출처메콩강위원회 http://www.mrcmekong.org/
메콩공유자원 www.mekongcommons.org
세계재생에너지정보 http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/
아시아개발은행 GMS 프로그램 http://www.adb.org/countries/gms/main
인터내셔널 리버스 http://www.internationalrivers.org
3S 보전 네트워크 http://www.3spn.org/
GMS Grid: http://www.gms-eoc.org
The Diplomat(온라인 저널) http://thediplomat.com.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations