Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.11 No.1
Abstract
There are very few studies devoted to model equivalence in Covariance Structure Modeling. The present study introduces JID approach, in deriving equivalent models to a given model JID approach is based on the property of a just-identified block in a covariance structure model. As long as the just-identification is maintained in a block, the block can be modified in a number of ways to derive equivalent models. This is the logic of JID approach. The JID approach explains much of Lee and Hershberger's (1990) replacing rule and is applicable even to nonrecursive block and measurement model.
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper was to demonstrate a method of estimating the probability of misclcissification when a Scale is used to classify respondents arbitrarily into the high and low groups based upon the scores on the scale. Determination of misclassification probability is made possible because Item Response Theory provides theoretically sound estimation of latent trait. In this study, misclassification was defined by the hypothetical incidents in which the subjects with the actual degree of traits below the median are assigned into the high group and the subjects with the actual degree of traits above the median are assigned into the low group based upon the scores on the scale. The estimated misclassification probability associated with Beck Hopelessness Scale was .06. The interpretive meaning of the misclassification probability as defined in this study was discussed. Finally cut-off pointe on the raw score scale reflecting those probabilities were provided for practical consideration, and important issues for further studies were suggested.
Abstract
The challenging demands being imposed by the societal change, new college entrance examination system and others evoke interest related to the development of the higher-order thinking skills with new vigors. The study explored the problems of developing thinking and problem solving skills from the perspective of the generality-specificity of knowledge, thinking skills and training materials. The conclusions drawn are as follows: First, existing training programs or courses, developed largely from the divergent-production approach rather than from the information-processing one, were found having characteristics such as assuming thinking as a skill or collection of skills, including widely different thinking components, emphasizing domain-independent skill and metacognitive strategies more than the domain-dependent ones, using largely everyday materials or psychometric items, and designing as stand-alone one. Second, the study particularly noticed the distinction of thinking and knowledge, specific advantages of standard approach and those of knowledge and information approch, and the multiplicity of thinking processes potentially needed to be developed, So, the study emphasized the importance of meaningful learning, the necessity of both specific thinking skills and the metacogitive strategies, and the context-dependency of trailing materials. Finally, after analyzing the problem of teaching the thinking training program in relation to the traditional subject-matters, the study suggested the multi-level approach having the immersion approch as a base, and therewith made four recommendations for the effective teaching.
Abstract
This article reviews the domain-distinction model of moral development proposed by Turiel et at and examines its adequacy from the perspective of cultural universality The review of domain-distinction model deals with the conceptual contents of moral, conventional and personal domains which consist the theoretical frame of the model and introduces the results of the analysis of related studies with reference to the criterion judgement and justifications to prove the empirical basis of the model. To examine the adequacy of the model to non-Western cultures this study examines the cultural variations revealed from the cross-cultural studies including those in Korea and analyzes the relevant factors causing the difference。The issues of cultural universality of the domain-distinction model, the heterogeneity of the concept of morality in the model, the age and mechanism the domain distinction is acquired, and the factors related to the empirical verification of the model are discussed to answer the questions raised in this study.
Abstract
Previous research and theory on self -disclosure are discussed in terms of functions of self-disclosure. Functions of self-disclosure can be divided into three parts: (a) for the discloser, (b) For the reciver, and (c) for the relationship(or group), In order to overcome shortcomings of previous studies, parameters or dimensions of self-disclosure and those of the receiver's response behavior were extracted and their relations to the individual functions of self-disclosure were discussed, For self-discloser, not only positive functions derived from self-disclosing and from dischargement of active inhibition were discussed but also negative functions derived from self-disclosing and from disinhibition are pointed out. Self-discloser can expresses his/her emotions, clarifies his/her self-concept, socially validates his/her opinion or value, and exerts social influences through his/her own self-disclosing behavior, Receiver reduces uncertainties about the discloser and the relationship, provides social supports, reciprocates self-disclosure, and gets liking and trust for the discloser through other's self-disclosure. Relationship (or group) develops the intimacy and the effective transactive memory system through each others' self-disclosure. Finally, implications for health psychology, psychotherapy, and future research are discussed.
Abstract
This study attempted to identity affective counseling styles for Asian female students studying in the United States. Operating under the assumption that a collectivistic ethic would ha predominant among Asian foreign students, this study predicted that a) Asian female participants would assign mom positive evaluations to a counseling style that focused primarily on a collectivism ethic as compared to an individualism ethic and that b) ratings by Asian female participants would be less positive when the counseling dyad involved an Asian client than when the dyad involved a Caucasian client. Fifty-six Asian-born female students enrolled at Indiana University participated in this study. Each participant watched a randomly assigned videotape in which a Caucasian counselor used, either an individualistic counseling style or a collectivistic counseling style, while interacting with either an Asian client or a Caucasian client. After observing their assigned videotape, participant rated the counselor's effectiveness and their expectations regarding counseling outcomes, The failure to meat the assumption that the cultural value orientations of the Asian participants would be predominantly collectivistic suggested warrant for a three-way analysis with the participant cultural values introduced as a third independent variable. Results of the two-way ANOVA, using only participants (n=32) who espoused relatively collectivistic values, indicated that Predicted Counselor Helpfulness and Estimated Counselor Effectiveness ratings were significantly higher for participants who observed a collectivistic counseling style as compared to participants who observed an individualistic counseling style. With this subsample, the study's first hypothesis was supported. The results of three-way (CS X CE X PCV) ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for client ethnicity on Predicted Counselor Helpfulness, and a significant main effect for participant cultural values on Estimated Counselor Effectiveness. A significant three-way interaction effect on Counseling Outcome Expectancies and Predicted Counselor Helpfulness was also found. A major implication to be drawn from the three-way interaction is that Asian international students with relatively individualistic cultural values are likely to prefer an individualistic counseling style while Asian students with relatively collectivistic values will tend to prefer a collectivistic counseling style. In addition, results of the study suggest that participant cultural values do have a significant impact upon female Asian students' evaluations of counseling effectiveness and estimations of counseling outcomes.
Abstract
This study investigates the utility of a statistical procedure to evaluate the measurement equivalence of a translation of the Revised Job Descriptive Index, a job satisfaction inventory. An item analysis method based on item response theory is used to detect differential item functioning in the translation 0 Results of an IRT analysis procedure identified 30 out of 90 items as significantly biased. Importance of a proper scale linking procedure in this IRT procedure is emphasized. The implications of using an IRT analysis in examining the fidelity of translated psychological measurement instruments are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compile personality-trait words and obtain the scale values of usability, likability, and social desirability of those words. First, approximately 1,000 one-word trait names were compiled from the written materials and the everyday language. Those words were then screened to 785 by the writer and three assistants. 643 college students (male: 331, female: 312) from five regional areas in Korea rated each of those trait words on usability, likability, and social desirability as male and female personality characteristics. The obtained mean ratings and their standard deviations are tabulated. The results revealed that there were significant differences between likability and social desirability ratings on many trait-words. The results also showed the interaction effects between likability and social desirability ratings and sex of the raters. The reliability coefficients of usability, likability, and social desirability ratings, calculated by the product moment correlation, were .81, .99, and .99, respectively. The results were discussed comparing with the previous studies in Korea and abroad. And the implications for use of those scale values were added.