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알코올 의존 환자에서 전두엽-관리기능의 차별적 결손

Alcohol Dependence Patients Show Differential Deficits in Frontal-Executive Functions

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2011, v.30 no.2, pp.443-459
김복남 (대구대학교)
김홍근 (대구대학교)
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초록

본 연구의 목적은 알코올 의존 환자에서 관리기능(executive function)의 결손이 다른 인지기능의 결손 보다 심하다는 가설을 검증하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 알코올 의존군 28명과 통제군 26명에게 표준화된 지능검사와 관리기능검사를 실시하였다. 알코올 의존군과 통제군을 관리기능 의존도가 낮은 과제와 높은 과제로 구성한 6개의 짝과제(paired tasks)에서 비교하였다. 6개의 짝과제 중 5개에서 집단(알코올 의존, 통제)과 관리기능 의존도(낮음, 높음)의 상호작용이 유의하였다. 이 상호작용은 알코올 의존군이 관리기능 의존도가 낮은 과제에 비해 높은 과제에서 보다 심한 결손이 있음을 반영하였다. 예를 들어 알코올 의존군의 결손은 Wechsler IQ에 비해 Executive IQ에서 보다 심하였다. 또한 스트룹검사에서는 단순시행에 비해 간섭시행에서 결손이 보다 심하였다. 이 결과들은 알코올 의존 환자에서 관리기능이 다른 인지기능에 비해 보다 심하게 결손되어 있음을 제시한다. 관리기능의 결손이 보다 심한 것은 알코올 의존 환자의 뇌변성이 전전두엽에서 가장 심한 것과 연관될 수 있다.

keywords
알코올중독, 알코올의존, 알코올남용, 관리기능, 실행기능, alcoholism, alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, executive function, prefrontal function

Abstract

The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that alcoholism is associated with greater deficit in executive functions relative to other cognitive functions. To this end, we administered a standardized intelligence test as well as a standardized executive-function test to 28 alcohol dependence patients and 26 control subjects. We compared performance of alcoholic and control subjects on six paired tests on which one test strongly engaged executive functions (high EF tests) and the other test weakly engaged executive functions (low EF tests). There was a significant interaction between group (alcoholic, control) and task (high EF, low EF) on five out of six paired tests. On each of the five paired tests, cognitive deficits of alcoholic subjects relative to control subjects were greater in the high EF test relative to the low EF test. For example, deficits of alcoholic subjects relative to control subjects were greater in Executive IQ compared with Wechsler IQ, and in simple trial relative to interference trial in Stroop test. These results indicate that alcoholism is associated with greater deficit in executive functions relative to other cognitive functions. This finding may reflect greater abnormality in prefrontal regions relative to other brain regions in alcoholic patients.

keywords
알코올중독, 알코올의존, 알코올남용, 관리기능, 실행기능, alcoholism, alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse, executive function, prefrontal function

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