Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.33 No.3
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop the Scale of Elderly Parents-Perceived Conflict with their Children. For this, the current study was based on the preceding exploratory research which had investigated the conflict between elderly parents and children. A total of 443 Korean elderly who were over 60 years of age participated. An exploratory factor analysis provided support for a 4-factor structure (Lack of interest/contact, Lack of self-care of children, Disregard, Issues for grandchildren) and the Scale of Elderly Parents-Perceived Conflict with their Children was positively correlated with other scales which measure solidarity, morale, and happiness. Lastly, the regression analysis examined the effect of the sub scales on the satisfaction for a parent-child relationship, morale, and happiness and showed the Lack of interest/contact for elderly men and women significantly predicted relationship satisfaction and happiness.
Abstract
This study is intended to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised(PVQ-R) measuring the basic human values based on the refined theory by Schwartz (Schwartz et al., 2012). The PVQ-R, the Schwartz's Value Survey(SVS), and the Confucian Values Scale were administered by 559 undergraduates. According to the result, adequate levels of internal consistency were shown in the reliability for the 19 value scales. Multidimensional scaling of the individual items and also of the scale means confirmed the circular structure of the 19 values and the four hierarchical values structure, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis applied separately to each of the four higher order values revealed an adequate model fit statistics for the hierarchical factor model of the higher order value. A multitrait-multimethod analysis of the PVQ-R in comparison with the SVS generally supported convergent and discriminant validity. Comparison of the priority in value obtained from this study to the data from 10 countries(Schwartz et al., 2012) revealed that the mean ratings from the Korean sample were generally lower with the differences between the values being smaller; however, the value orders were mostly in agreement. In general, Confucian values were positively correlated with self-transcendence and negatively with self-enhancement and openness to change. The significance and limitations of findings from this study and suggestions on future research were discussed.
Abstract
Conditional Reasoning Test for Relative Motive Strength (CRT-RMS) refers to the instrument that assesses individuals’ achievement motivation inferred from their reasoning styles. The CRT-RMS in South Korea, however, needs further investigation before it can be widely used in the workplace. The current study tested the reliability and predictive validity of the modified version of the CRT-RMS in the context of academic and workplace settings in South Korea. Study 1 revealed an acceptable level of internal reliability and concurrent validity of the CRT-RMS in explaining the variance of academic performance (i.e., exam scores) in the college sample. Study 2 found that the CRT-RMS is significantly associated with achievement goal setting (i.e., sales goals) and explained a significant amount of variance in job performance (i.e., sales volume) in the sales representative sample. The findings suggest the potential of the CRT-RMS as an efficient instrument in assessing achievement motivation and achievement behavior among the Korean population.
Abstract
We investigated whether narcissism has increased among college students in South Korea. We used the same cross-temporal meta-analysis as Twenge, Konrath, Foster, Campbell, and Bushman (2008) who reported narcissism increase in the U.S. We selected articles in which college students completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988). There were 28 samples (total n = 13,450), and publication years ranged from 1999 to 2014. Mean narcissism scores were positively correlated with publication years when weighted by sample size (β = .57, p = .002), indicating that narcissism has increased for the past 15 years. Since 1999, NPI scores have increased 0.25 standard deviation. Along with a recent report describing narcissism in China (Cai et al., 2012), this finding suggests that narcissism has become an important social issue in East Asia.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in psychological responses among guilty group, informed innocent group, and innocent group in the CIT(Concealed Information Test) analysis. There were 23 individuals in the guilty group, 21 individuals in the informed innocent group, and 23 individuals in the innocent group. A mock crime task was given to the guilty group. The informed innocent group did not carry out the mock crime but was informed of the crime-relevant information. The innocent group did not carry out the crime and was not informed of the crime-relevant information. After carrying out the task, the CIT was administered along measuring respiratory signal, electrodermal activity and heart rate responses. The results showed that the Z score of respiration was significantly lower for the guilty group than the innocent group and the informed innocent group. Both innocent groups, regardless of the availability of the crime-relevant information, were not significantly different. Next, for the skin conductance, the guilty group showed higher Z score than the innocent group and the informed innocent. Both innocent groups were not significantly different. In case of heart rate, there were no signigicant differences among the groups. The limitations and the implications of this study are discussed in this article.
Abstract
The present study investigated differential use of the middle category “?” option between Korean and American workers using the 2009 version Job Descriptive Index(JDI). For this purpose, a multi-group categorical confirmatory factor analysis and a mixed-model item response theory(MM-IRT) analysis were conducted across a Korean worker sample and American normative sample (N=932 for each). The multi-group analysis result supported configural and metric invariance across the groups. However, the threshold structure was not invariant across the groups. The MM-IRT analysis identified three latent subgroups within both Korean and American samples. Overall, the Korean group has larger subgroup class size favoring the “?” option than the American group. An inspection of item parameters revealed the threshold locations of the mixed partial credit model were frequently disordered for the American group, but not for the Korean group. The implications of the results and future research issues were discussed.
Abstract
Many of the psychological processes are revealed in language responses. Verbal reports in the form of Think-Aloud protocols, self-explanations, or responses to various questions have been successfully used to understand psychological processes that are difficult to capture by utilizing traditional measures such as reaction time and Likert-scale responses. The goal of this paper is to introduce a particular method to analyze verbal data for scientific research of psychology. Called as verbal data analysis, this method is designed to systematically analyze verbal data to produce objective and quantitative results. The paper describes core features of the method along with research examples in which verbal data analysis was successfully applied. Detailed procedures of the analysis are then described with issues that researchers need to be aware of at each stage of data collection and analysis. Lastly, verbal data analysis is compared to other similar methods. Strengths and weaknesses of the method are also discussed.
Abstract
Becoming a useful tool in the modern psychology, Baysian inference is a recent powerful movement to new statistics in order to improve traditional statistics based on the null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST). This tendency substantially challenges the view of cognitive processing and is being widely accepted as a new area of statistics. In this study, the authors introduce Baysian inference in terms of practical tool beyond the scope of the argument between frequency view and Baysian view. In addition, the authors present several examples to indicate how to use Baysian inference for an understanding of the results consisting of response ratio and reaction time that are popular in psychology studies.