Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.41 No.4
Abstract
Schadenfreude is the pleasure of other's misfortunes. This article describes the validation of the Schadenfreude Tendency Scale(STS) among Korean adults, which was originally developed for adolescents. In Study 1, 1) twelve psychologists were asked to evaluate the suitability of each item of the STS, 2) the STS, questions and scenario containing various Schadenfreude situations(aversion, injustice, identification, compensation, aggression, rivalry, justice) administered to 99 college and graduate students. As a result, it was confirmed that the STS consists of questions that can measure the Schadenfreude for adults. In study 2, 330 people participated to investigate the STS’s reliability and validity and the relations between the STS and related scales(envy, empathic happiness, sympathy, depression, satisfaction with life). Results from study 2 indicate that the STS has a single-factor structure and good internal consistency. When controlling for age, there was a significant difference in the level of Schadenfreude based on number of siblings. The unemployed’s Schadenfreude score tended to be relatively higher than other occupational statuses. When controlling for age and social desirability, the STS was significantly correlated with other measures of envy, empathic happiness, and sympathy confirming the scale’s discriminant construct validity. Schadenfreude was significantly correlated with higher level of depression and there was no significant correlation with life satisfaction. In the discussion section, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Abstract
This study aimed to review the literature on Complicated Grief(CG) in South Korea for 10 years from 2010 and summarized the significant results. 33 papers out of 188 studies were selected through a systematic literature review. As a result, the majority of the studies conducted after 2015, and most were classified as quantitative studies. When looking at the characteristics of the study, 19 studies considered the elapsed period after bereavement, 28 studies identified the subject of bereavement. Inventory of Complicated Grief(ICG) and Prolonged Grief Disorder-13(PG-13) were most popular measures for CG but the use of validated measurement were limited. Factors related to CG were included attachment type, intrusive rumination, and perceived social support. Protected factors affecting the coping process of bereavement were future-oriented coping style, coping flexibility, and meaning-making process. Additionally, we summarise the results of the study on traumatic loss and the studies examine the effectiveness of the psychological intervention program on the recovery of CG. Lastly, we discussed the limitations of the literatures and the potential implications and suggestions for further research. This study is significant in that it is the first study to systematically examine studies conducted on CG in South Korea.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to describe the experience of North Korean (NK) defectors who experienced family separation using the construct of ambiguous loss and propose a reliable and valid scale to measure it. To achieve this aim, the Boundary Ambiguity Scale (BAS), which has been used to assess various types of loss in previous studies, was translated and adapted into Korean to develop BAS-NK in subsequent steps. First, the adapted questions on the original BAS scale were evaluated by a preliminary online questionnaire-based on the appropriateness for North Korean defectors (N=102) living in situations of ambiguous loss. Next, in the main study, a one-on-one in-person survey was conducted using a new sample (N=100), and analyses involved item selection, factor structure, reliability, and validation. Results indicated that the BAS-NK consisting of a total of 15 items evidenced acceptable internal consistency, and two factors (i.e., perceived ambiguity about loss, and emotional/relational preoccupation with the object of loss) emerged in exploratory factor analysis. The total score of BAS-NK was positively and significantly correlated with scores of depression, complicated grief, and continuing bonds. In addition, the two factors of the BAS-NK demonstrated differentiated relationships to depression and complicated grief. Lastly, the limitations and future directions of the study are discussed. The current study suggests a preliminary scale to measure the ambiguous loss of North Korean defectors and provides implications for further studies.
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and intense social distancing elevated Korean people’s distress. While concerns remain after COVID-19 about the negative affect and conflicts between social groups/classes, the present study analyzed 13,433 natural text by general Korean people about their psychological struggles from January to September 2020, utilizing text mining approach including word co-occurrence analysis and DMR topic modeling. In addition, 283 websites of psychological treatment centers were reviewed for the availability of the treatment providers’ license and qualification. In results, domains of Korean people’s struggles included emotional distress, family conflicts, and struggles of children and adolescents in unstable home environment. Korean people in general expressed increased needs for treatment by experts, however less than half of the treatment providers (42.2%) had licenses deemed professional enough to meet the psychological needs. Suggestions for the treatment provision environment are provided.