바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1229-4632

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

No.42
Citation Share

Russian Revolution and maternity protection in Korea during the colonial period

Feminism and Korean Literature / Feminism and Korean Literature, (P)1229-4632; (E)2733-5925
2017, v.0 no.42, pp.103-129
Choi Eunkyung
Choi, E. (2017). Russian Revolution and maternity protection in Korea during the colonial period. Feminism and Korean Literature, 0(42), 103-129.
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

The most important influence that the 1919 Russian Revolution had on women’s history, other than the sexual revolution, would be the maternal protection system. The protective system for mothers and infants, established in revolutionary Russia, was introduced with a socialist vision, which became an essential challenge among women socialists in colonial Korea. This paper focuses on summarizing the characteristics of the arguments and discourses surrounding maternity protection. The socialist vision of maternity protection initiated in revolutionary Russia involved health protections from hazards in the workplace, and it became the main argument among women socialists and workers in colonial Korea. However, the maternity protection arguments in colonial Korea reflected neither the vision of the maternity protection system from revolutionary Russia nor western socialism itself. As in the case of “The Seoul Child Welfare Union,” the conservative maternity protection movement stemmed from Christianity, while the advocation for fixed gender roles, the salvation of women and infants, and education for maternity were other influential ones. In addition, the arguments regarding social motherhood from Ellen Key, a prominent figure in maternalism, were simplified as self-awareness of the roles of mother and woman and as claims to the state. It shows that the socialist argument for maternity protection was variated, and it became superficial in the context of arguments for the emancipation of women. The arguments for the necessity of maternity protections and the rights of female workers disappeared in the discourses, replaced by arguments for protecting the health of female workers in the 1930s. This shows the limits of the discourse regarding maternal protections in colonial Korea.

keywords
Imaternity protection, Russian revolution, women socialists, health of female workers, Ellen Key, maternity protection movement from Christianity, 모성 보호, 러시아 혁명, 여성 사회주의자, 직업 여성 건강, 엘렌 케이, 기독교적 모성 보호 운동

Reference

1.

「개벽」

2.

「동아일보」

3.

「삼천리」

4.

「신여성」

5.

「조선일보」

6.

Annual Report of the Korea Woman's Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Seoul: Press of the Methodist Pub. House, 1926.

7.

International Labor Organization, Maternity Protection Convention, 1919 (http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312148).

8.

朝鮮總督府, 「民籍國籍及職業(小分類)別本業人口」, 京城: 朝鮮總督府, 1935.

9.

김준엽, 김창순, 「한국공산주의운동사 3」, 청계, 1986, 72-101.

10.

오고시 아이코, 「근대 일본의 젠더 이데올로기」, 전성곤 역, 소명, 2009, 105-145.

11.

桜井絹江, 「母性保護運動史」. 東京: ドメス出版, 1991.

12.

Alice Withrow Field, Protection of Women and Children in Soviet Russia, London: Gollancz, 1932, Chapter 2.

13.

Bonnie G Smith. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, p.348.

14.

Henry E Sigerist and Julia Older, Medicine and Health in the Soviet Union, New York: Citadel Press, 1947, p.218.

15.

Karl Polanyi,  For a New West: Essays, 1919-1958, John Wiley & Sons, Cambridge: Polity, 2014.

16.

Louise Sofia Hamilton Nyström, Ellen Key: Her Life and Her Work, New York: GP Putnam's Sons, 1913, pp.124-125.

17.

Pat Thane and Gisela Bock, Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States, 1880s–1950s, London: Routledge, 2016, pp.28-30.

18.

Seth Koven and Sonya Michel, “Introdution”, Seth Koven and Sonya Michel eds., Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States, London: Routledge, 2013, p.2, pp.1076-1108.

19.

강이수, ｢근대 여성의 일과 직업관-일제하 신문 기사를 중심으로｣, 「사회와역사」 65, 한국사회사학회, 2004, 170-206.

20.

김혜경, ｢식민지 시기 가족에 대한 계보학적 연구-어린이, 모성의 형성을 중심으로.｣, 「사회와역사」 58, 한국사회사학회, 2000, 71-105.

21.

안미경, ｢1920년대 박원희의 여성해방운동과 여성해방사상｣, 「한국민족운동사연구」 74, 한국민족운동사학회, 2013, 167-212.

22.

안태윤, ｢일제말기 전시체제와 모성의 식민화｣, 「한국여성학」 19-3, 한국여성학회, 2003, 75-116.

23.

이은경, ｢모성, 참정권, 전쟁 그리고 국가-근대 일본 여성운동의 통시적 고찰｣, 「비교문화연구」 43, 경희대 비교문화연구소, 2016, 79-113.

24.

히로세 레이코, ｢일본의 ‘신여성’과 서양여성해방사상｣, 「여성과역사」 5, 한국여성사학회, 2006, 95-117.

25.

Cheri Register, "Motherhood at center: Ellen key's social vision." Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 5, No. 6, Pergamon, 1982, pp.599-610.

Feminism and Korean Literature

e-Submission OA Policy