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No.42

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Russian Revolution and maternity protection in Korea during the colonial period

Feminism and Korean Literature / Feminism and Korean Literature, (P)1229-4632; (E)2733-5925
2017, v.0 no.42, pp.103-129
Choi Eunkyung
Choi, E. (2017). Russian Revolution and maternity protection in Korea during the colonial period. Feminism and Korean Literature, (42), 103-129.

Abstract

The most important influence that the 1919 Russian Revolution had on women’s history, other than the sexual revolution, would be the maternal protection system. The protective system for mothers and infants, established in revolutionary Russia, was introduced with a socialist vision, which became an essential challenge among women socialists in colonial Korea. This paper focuses on summarizing the characteristics of the arguments and discourses surrounding maternity protection. The socialist vision of maternity protection initiated in revolutionary Russia involved health protections from hazards in the workplace, and it became the main argument among women socialists and workers in colonial Korea. However, the maternity protection arguments in colonial Korea reflected neither the vision of the maternity protection system from revolutionary Russia nor western socialism itself. As in the case of “The Seoul Child Welfare Union,” the conservative maternity protection movement stemmed from Christianity, while the advocation for fixed gender roles, the salvation of women and infants, and education for maternity were other influential ones. In addition, the arguments regarding social motherhood from Ellen Key, a prominent figure in maternalism, were simplified as self-awareness of the roles of mother and woman and as claims to the state. It shows that the socialist argument for maternity protection was variated, and it became superficial in the context of arguments for the emancipation of women. The arguments for the necessity of maternity protections and the rights of female workers disappeared in the discourses, replaced by arguments for protecting the health of female workers in the 1930s. This shows the limits of the discourse regarding maternal protections in colonial Korea.

keywords
Imaternity protection, Russian revolution, women socialists, health of female workers, Ellen Key, maternity protection movement from Christianity, 모성 보호, 러시아 혁명, 여성 사회주의자, 직업 여성 건강, 엘렌 케이, 기독교적 모성 보호 운동

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