Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
The Social Engineering Approach in Public Housing: Swedish Experiences of Municipality Housing Companies
Abstract
스웨덴의 주택정책은 사회정책의 일환이며, 이 때 주택은 물리적 주거시설만이 아닌 기본 사회서비스를 포괄하는 개념이다. 스웨덴의 290개 기초지방자치단체는 지역민에게 주거서비스를 공급할 책임이 있다. 지방자치단체 소유인 주택공사는 경제적 사회적으로 열악한 계층에 임대주택 형태로 주거서비스를 보장한다. 본 연구는 ‘소셜 엔지니어링’에 대한 이론적 역사적 논의를 바탕으로, 스웨덴의 지역주택공사가 주민의 가치와 행태를 변화시키고 지역을 발전시키기 위해 어떤 사회적 프로그램을 운영하는지 검토한 것이다. 인터뷰와 참여관찰 등 현장조사를 바탕으로 노르쇠핑의 하게비(Hageby)와 어레브루의 바론바까나(Baronbackarna) 지역 사례를 분석하였다. 소셜 엔지니어링은 20세기 중반까지 스웨덴 복지체제의 형성과 유지에 중요한 개념이자 방법이었는데 인간과 지역사회, 나아가 사회 전체를 변화 또는 개선시키고자 하는 기술적·과학적 접근이다. 사례분석 결과, 주택공사는 이민자가 다수인 입주민들을 수동적인 복지 소비자로부터 적극적인 참여시민으로 변화시키기 위해 다양한 사회 프로그램에 관여하며 공학기술적, 사회과학적 접근을 활용하고 있었다. 또한 개방적 운영체제가 활성화되어 있고, 일상적이고 구체적인 프로젝트를 통해 점진적 변화를 꾀하고 있었다. 스웨덴 사례는 주택서비스의 범위에 공동체적 사회활동을 포괄하고 주택공사와 지방자치단체는 주민의 사회참여를 드높이기 위해 노력한다는 점, 나아가 복지체제 유지를 위해 개개인의 공동체 의식과 자율적 참여 행태를 중시하고 정부는 이를 위해 제도적으로 실천해왔다는 점 등을 보여준다.
- keywords
- 소셜 엔지니어링, 스웨덴, 공공주택, 주택공사, 시민의식, social engineering, Sweden, public housing, citizenship, social welfare, community
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