Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.35 No.3
Abstract
Self-esteem has been studied in psychology for many decades. Studies treated self-esteem in diverse features such as domain-specific self-esteem, contingent self-esteem, level of self-esteem, trait/state self-esteem, explicit/implicit self-esteem, self-esteem stability, and defensive self-esteem. Recent studies try to integrate the various faces of self-esteem. This study is to introduce two factor model of self-esteem and suggest what to consider when the model is applied in domestic research. To do so, this study reviewed previous studies and summarized and criticized diverse features of self-esteem. Then, two factor model, which suggests self-esteem consists of worthiness based self-esteem and self-competence based self-esteem, is introduced. Finally, self-esteem scales used in domestic studies are reviewed to consider how two factors are applied in domestic research.
Abstract
Illiteracy as well as low education are known risk factors of developing dementia. Lack of reserve has been suggested as a possible mechanism underlying increased risk for dementia in this population. We believe that the same mechanism, or reserve, would be related to normal cognitive aging. This study was conducted to examine whether illiteracy moderated the patten of age-related cognitive change and was related to increased risk for cognitive decline in follow-up tests in normal Korean elderly subjects. Standardized Regression Based(SRB) Model was utilized to detect cognitive decliner controlling regression to mean, practice effect and measurement error. The main results were as follows. First, the illiterate performed poorly on all area of cognitive function including attention, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization and memory than the literate. Second, age-related cognitive change was faster in the illiterate than the literate in all cognitive areas in cross-sectional analysis. Third, the rate of cognitive decliner was about five times higher in the illiterate than the literate group, and the odds ratio of the illiterate was 3.62. These results suggested that lack of reserve, measured by literacy, may have negative influence on normal cognitive aging as well as dementia. Acquiring literacy could prevent cognitive aging and dementia.
Abstract
The present study was a longitudinal study aimed to identify the trajectories and to explore the predictors of adolescent depression. The study used Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) data. In this study, 2,351 second and third-year of middle school and first of high school students’ data was analyzed by using semi-parametric group modeling (SGM) and multinomial logit model. This procedure was conducted for separate samples of male and female adolescents. The predictors of adolescent depression were parental abuse, parental neglect, annual family income, and teacher-student relationship at school. Two different subgroups of trajectories for the males were identified, but only three subgroups for the females. And parental abuse, parental neglect, teacher-student relationship and annual family income had the significant difference across trajectory group membership for adolescent depression. The findings of the present study recommend to improve and to pay more attention to their interpersonal relationship at home and the school.
Abstract
To compensate shortcomings of the prior psychometric studies on risk perception, the current study newly attempted facilitated modelling. In this method, researchers did not provide a pre-made list of risk items. Instead, participants(experts, ordinary people, and college students) had group discussions to come up with risk items, to rate how risky they are, and to evaluate them in terms of knowledge and dread, which are the two psychological dimensions of risk perception. The results showed that there were qualitative differences in the way that the three groups perceived what risk items were. The experts listed risk items based on scientific knowledge and objective data, but ordinary people and college students listed risk items based on what they were exposed in their lives and media, which suggests that risk concepts are partly social construct to them. The three groups showed similarities as well as differences and the results showed similarities to and differences from the prior psychometric studies. Implications of the results and future advances are discussed as well.
Abstract
Effect of induced anger for man-made accident on Stroop interference was investigated. Ferry Sewol accident was selected for the case of man-made accident. State anger was induced by a printed material consisted of pictures, subtitles and text of the accident, on which the participants recalled and wrote for their individual anger experiences. The participants’ trait anger and change in state anger due to anger-induction procedure were used as predictors and Stroop interference as a criterion. The results showed the followings. First, participants showed significant increase in state anger after state anger induction. Second, a significantly positive correlation was found between trait anger and change in state anger, which were also positively correlated with Stroop interference, respectively. Third, trait anger and change in state anger interactively affect Stroop interference. These results suggested that the effect of the participant’s trait anger on Stroop interference could differ in terms of change in state anger due to anger induction.