Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.36 No.1
Abstract
Self-regulation is associated with psychological well-being and its deficits are considered a common etiological factor relevant for the development and maintenance of wide range of psychological disorders. Although numerous empirical studies have conducted to define and evaluate this concept, there have been only a few comprehensive reviews of the empirical literature. Therefore, this study is conducted to comprehensively examine self-regulation. In order to achieve this objective, this study reviewed main psychological theories of self-regulation and analyzed various measures of self-regulation. Furthermore, this study examined the role of self-regulation in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. In conclusion, this study proposes future directions of the empirical studies on self-regulation and psychological disorders as discussing the limitations of the previous studies.
Abstract
This study reviews recent studies for malingering discrimination focused on malingered neurocognitive dysfunction(MNCD) that have found often in clinical assessment. This review aimed to introduce MNCD’s diagnostic criteria, type of malingering discrimination index, and prevalence of malingering reported advanced studies. In addition this study suggests internal research for prevalence of malingering is needed. Method to detect malingering was included for example analysis of error(floor effect, learning principles, etc) and empirical method. Also, differential prevalence design, simulation design, known-group design for study to development malingering discrimination index was introduced. Furthermore this review discusses the limitation of the previous studies(e.g. limitation of psychological assessment, conceptualization of malingering, necessity of definite diagnostic criteria, sensitivity and specificity of discriminant index) and future research directions.
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of parentification on individuals in association with psychological aspects and interpersonal relationships. The effects of parentification on individuals seemed to be complicated, as it has been reported that parentification can give both positive and negative influences to the individuals depending on psychological variables. It was postulated that the different results might be due to the age of participants, differences in the questionnaires, regional difference, difference in the parentification level of participants, and etc. However, it was a common point in the studies that having the experiences of parentification gave negative effects on all the variables when children felt it unfair and/or burdensome. The following things should be considered when counseling the clients suffering from the problems resulting from parentification; 1) providing education to the parents as well when children and teenagers receive counseling, 2) helping them relieve the burdensome responsibility for their parents, 3) promoting the competence to realize and express their desires, 4) helping them find out the resources for social supports and diminish shame in their mind, 5) differentiating between their emotional roles and instrumental roles when counseling. Therefore, in the cases of the clients who have the psychological or interpersonal relationship problems, it must be essential to know how the parentification influenced to the clients by analyzing the level and contents of parentification generated from the relationship with their parents. Further studies regarding the experience of parentification are necessary to know what specific processes parentification influences to the individuals through, which will be helpful to understand how the clients have the psychological problems and the difficulties in their interpersonal relationship.
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the clinical utility of Bayley-Ⅲ using US norm in Korea. A total of 98 preterm infants and 93 term infants were assessed with the K-Bayley-Ⅲ. The performance pattern of preterm infants was analyzed with mixed design ANOVA which examined the differences of scaled scores and composite scores of Bayley-Ⅲ between full term- and preterm- infant group and within preterm infants group. Then, We have investigated agreement between classifications of delay made using the BSID-II and Bayley-III. In addition, ROC plots were constructed to identify a Bayley-Ⅲ cut-off score with optimum diagnostic utility in this sample. The results were as follows. (1) Preterm infants have significantly lower function levels in areas of 5 scaled scores and 3 developmental indexes compared with infants born at term. Significant differences among scores within preterm infant group were also found. (2) Bayley-Ⅲ had the higher scores of the Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index comparing to the scores of K-BSID-Ⅱ, and had the lower rates of developmental delay. (3) All scales of Bayley-Ⅲ, Cognitive, Language and Motor scale had the appropriate level of discrimination, but the cut-off composite scores of Bayley-Ⅲ were adjusted 13~28 points higher than 69 for prediction of delay, as defined by the K-BSID-Ⅱ. It explains the lower rates of developmental delay using the standard of two standard deviation. This study has provided empirical data to inform that we must careful when interpreting the score for clinical applications, identified the discriminating power, and proposed more appropriate cut-off scores. In addition, discussion about the sampling for making the Korean norm of Bayley-Ⅲ was provided. It is preferable that infants in Korea should use our own validated norms. The standardization process to get Korean normative data must be performed carefully.
Abstract
The neuroanatomical correlates of personality traits in individuals with internet gaming overuse were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). High-resolution T1-weighted whole-brain images and questionnaires measuring impulsivity, depression, and personality traits were collected from 18 young male adults with internet gaming overuse (IOs; 22.2 ± 2.0 years) and 20 normal controls (NCs; 21.2 ± 2.2 years). We examined 1) the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) difference between groups and 2) group difference in the relationship between rGMV and the scores on the psychological tests. The IO group showed greater rGMV in the bilateral primary motor cortex, relative to the NC group. Significant interaction effects were found between personality traits and groups on rGMV, showing that the IO group exhibited negative correlations between impulsivity and rGMV in the left cerebellum, and between reward responsiveness scales and rGMV in the bilateral amygdala and right precuneus. These findings suggest a structural adjustment in the motor cortex due to internet gaming overuse, and structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with inhibitory motor control and reward processing for individuals at-risk for internet gaming disorder.
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to explore the interaction of pronoun’s number (singular and plural), pronoun’s person (first and third), and emotional evaluation (positive and negative) using time-course approach (e.g. SOA 150ms and 1000ms) and primed naming task. In Experiment 1, participants were presented each pronoun as primes at SOA 150ms and were asked to response at emotional words which were differed in emotional attributes. The results showed that the main effects of pronoun’ number, pronoun’s person and emotional words were found and the interaction effects of pronoun’s person and emotional words were also found. The interaction effects was obtained by the primed effect of first person pronoun’s (‘I’ and ‘we’) positive evaluation. In Experiment 2, participants were presented each pronoun as primes at SOA 1000ms and were asked to response at emotional words which were differed in emotional attributes. The effects of any variables were not found. In Experiment 3, participants were presented second-person singular pronouns and all plural pronouns as primes at SOA 150ms and were asked to response at emotional words which were differed in emotional attributes. The results showed that the effects of emotional words were found only at first-person plural pronoun ‘we’. These results showed that the first-person singular pronoun ‘I’ and first-person plural pronoun ‘we’ were more primed at positive words than negative words. These results were discussed from a point of view of multiple level representations of social cognition.