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A Study on the Relationship between Maids and Heroic Female Characters in Classical Epic Novels

Feminism and Korean Literature / Feminism and Korean Literature, (P)1229-4632; (E)2733-5925
2021, v.0 no.54, pp.110-152
https://doi.org/10.15686/fkl.2021..54.110
Kim Min-jeong
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Abstract

Maids in classical epic novels are mainly helpers who serve their masters. Regardless of how excellent female owners belonging to the gentry are, it is difficult for them to carry out their schemes due to the conservative nature of women of their status. That is why maids came to act as substitutes for owners. Maids can be divided into internal helpers and external helpers according to the space in which they perform their tasks and the presence or absence of owners. This differentiation between types of help is even more prominent in cases where the owner is constructed as a “heroic female character” with excellent abilities. In classical epic novels, the trajectories of “heroic female characters” are different from those of female protagonists in female hero novels. Whereas female protagonists in female hero novels are portrayed as trying to escape from the life of a settled woman, the heroic female characters in classical epic novels are portrayed as conservative figures who conform to Confucian ideology without deviating from their lives as women while also living a life similar to that of female heroes in novels. Therefore, maids who serve heroic female characters carry out unethical and unfeminine actions in place of their owners so that the owners do not deviate from Confucian ideology. In this process, despite their active approaches, each maid is taken advantage of and used as a means for an end. This is an example of the reality of maid maids who were excluded and discriminated against within narratives.

keywords
고전소설, 대하소설, 고전대하소설, 성현공숙렬기, 임씨삼대록, 화산선계록, 영웅적 여성인물, 시비(侍婢), 하층 여성, 조력자, classic novel, epic novel, Seonghyeongongsukryeolgi, Limsisamdaerok, Hwasanse ongyerok, heroic female character, maid, lower-class women, helper

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Feminism and Korean Literature