Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
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Vol.22 No.4
Abstract
근래 들어 발생한 용산참사와 마을공동체 만들기 사업은 서울의 시민사회를 둘러싼 권력관계의 양면성을 보여준다. 한편에서는 국가-시민사회의 관계가 억압-저항의 관계로, 다른 한편에서는 협력-참여의 관계로 완전히 상반되게 나타난다. 이연구는 이러한 양면성의 근원을 찾기 위해 지난 20여 년간 변화해온 시민사회의저항과 대안의 공간 및 운동의 변화를 국가-시장-시민사회 삼각관계라는 틀을 이용하여 분석한다. 특히 우리는 민주주의의 확대와 신자유주의의 확산이라는 모순적 계기가 한국의 국가-시장-시민사회의 관계의 변화를 규정해왔고, 이러한 모순적 계기가 시민사회를 둘러싼 권력관계의 양면성을 초래하고 있음을 규명한다. 그리고 국가의 기회주의적 행태, 서울의 도시사회운동의 제도화, 지방정치체제의보수와 진보 사이에서의 동요, 참여적·저항적 운동방식의 공존 등의 현상은 이러한 모순적 계기의 산물임을 밝혀낸다. 이러한 발견들로부터 우리는 서울시민의운동에 대한 실천적 의미를 도출한다.
Abstract
Some environmental NGOs and researchers accepting the environmental justice(hereafter, EJ) as the guiding principle for activities or the new ideal agenda have emerged in South Korea since late 1990s. However, the idea of EJ has been tied up ethical principle or initial stage of discourse on defining it among environmental groups in Korean society. This study aims to explore of geographical contribution in spatiality of EJ theory and to provide of practical explanation and suggestions in EJ movement. This study pays attention on the self-burning accident of one 70s’ senior, who had resisted electricity transmission tower planed to be put on his rice paddy in Miryang,Kyoungsang Province. His death had uncovered the state’s hidden violence conducting forceful process of larger state projects and exposed the linkage between the transmission facilities and intensive nuclear complex. After his death, localized grassroots resistance against building transmission towers has been re-scaling toward national-wide anti-nuclear movement. This study describes the dynamics of scale politics generating social movement toward post-nuclear society, which fills up the blank of social meaning after his death. Active participation of localized agents for reconstructing social meanings on their locality and ethical relationship between local people and voluntary citizens in new ways could produce various spaces of engagement. Finally, this study insists to establish the practically-oriented EJ discourse based on the ethics of the others.
Abstract
This paper considers significance and limitations of restoration of historical landscapes and reconstitution of place identity through a conceptual examination on (re)creation of urban landscape and place identity in capitalist cities. Landscape is constituted with physical form, social function, and symbolic meaning, and hence can be interpreted in a synthesis of the three elements. Place can be seen not merely as a site of landscape, but as a spatial complex of those three elements. Development of capitalist cities have destructed most of historical landscapes and places constructed in traditional contexts of everyday living, and preserve selectively or restore some of them, or create new landscapes and places in order to promote capital circulation and/or to strengthen dominant power. In particular, the concept of ‘creative destruction’seems to characterize properly the preservation, restoration or (re)creation of landscapes and places in the process of neoliberal urbanization. In order to resolve the problem of creative destruction and to develop alternative approaches,it can be suggested that Heidegger’s phenomenology or Foucault’s postmodern theory should be combined with the political economic perspective. In addition, a politics of place which can be conceptualized as open, relational, and practical, should be emphasized for alternative landscapes and places-making.