바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Space and Environment

  • P-ISSN1225-6706
  • E-ISSN2733-4295
  • KCI

ISSN : 1225-6706

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.27 No.4

Citation Share

The Use of Indicators for Evaluating Urban Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Korean and International Major Cities

Space and Environment / Space and Environment, (P)1225-6706; (E)2733-4295
2017, v.27 no.4, pp.183-217
https://doi.org/10.19097/kaser.2017.27.4.183



& (2017). The Use of Indicators for Evaluating Urban Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of Korean and International Major Cities. Space and Environment, 27(4), 183-217, https://doi.org/10.19097/kaser.2017.27.4.183

Abstract

This research evaluates Korean and international major cities using sustainability indicators which are commonly used to measure cities’ sustainable performance. 45 indicators are selected by reviewing existing indicators and are categorized to 17 items under environmental, social, and economic sector. Longitudinal annual assessment for 2006 to 2012 has been conducted for Korean 7 major cities. During assessment period, indices in economic sector are lowered in 2008 and 2009 due to global financial crisis and slightly improved after 2010. Indices in social sector are found to be gradually increasing, which attribute to the sharp increase in education indices value. Environmental sector indices were showing irregular fluctuating pattern due to problems found in waste management index measurement. Another analysis comparing sustainability index between cities in developed countries, developing countries, and Korea was also carried out. Overall sustainability indices between cities in developed countries and Korea showed little difference, index for cities in developing countries was lower. Korean cities scored lower in atmosphere, green space, politics, growth indices and scored higher in poverty, communication, employment than cities in developed countries. But data used for Korean cities in calculating poverty and employment indices has some problem.

keywords
Urban Sustainability, Indicator System, Sustainability Index, Sustainability Evaluation, 도시 지속가능성, 지표 체계, 지속가능성 지수, 지속가능성 평가

Reference

1.

강동진·김현수·서충원·허재완. 2005. ｢지속가능한 신도시개발을 위한 계획지표 연구｣. ≪한국지역개발학회지≫, 17권 3호, 1∼30쪽.

2.

강병수. 2010. ｢지속가능한 도시경제개발 측정지표의 개발에 관한 연구｣. ≪도시행정학보≫, 23권 2호, 105∼122쪽.

3.

강성철·문경주·김도엽. 2008. ｢지속가능성 지표 비교평가｣. ≪지방정부연구≫, 11권4호, 7∼34쪽.

4.

김유나·문태훈. 2009. ｢환경성과지수(EPI)를 활용한 도시환경지속성 성과평가에 관한연구｣. ≪국토계획≫, 44권 6호, 171∼182쪽.

5.

고재경·주정현. 2014. ｢경기도 지속가능발전 지표 개발 및 모니터링 방안｣. 경기개발연구원.

6.

국토교통부. 2014. ｢도시의 지속가능성 및 생활인프라 평가｣.

7.

글로벌에코포럼_담양. 2015. ｢제7회 글로벌에코포럼: 지속가능도시 지표평가 국·내외 우수사례｣.

8.

윤순진. 2009. ｢‘저탄소 녹색성장’의 이념적 기초와 실재｣, ≪환경사회학연구 ECO≫, 13권 1호, 219∼266쪽.

9.

윤형두·박진영·최태봉·최인태·노태환·한봉호·김명진. 2015. ｢지속가능한 도시평가지표의 적용 가능성 검토 -GCI, EPI, CBI를 중심으로-｣. ≪환경영향평가≫, 24권6호, 593∼606쪽.

10.

이창우·이지연. 2015. ｢서울특별시 지속가능발전 기본계획｣, 서울연구원.

11.

이태종·송건섭. 2002. ｢지속가능한 발전을 위한 도시환경 평가와 영향요인 분석｣. ≪한국 사회와 행정연구≫, 13권 2호, 167∼189쪽.

12.

ARCADIS. 2015. Sustainable Cities Index: 2015 Balancing the economic, social and environmental needs of the world’s leading cities.

13.

Barcelona City Council. 2013. Indicators 21: Local sustainability indicators in Barcelona (data from 2012).

14.

Blanco, H. and Mazmanian, D. A. 2014. “The Sustainable City: Introduction and Overview,” in Daniel A. Mazmanian and Hilda Blanco (eds.), Elgar Companion to Sustainable Cities: Strategies, Methods and Outlook. Cheltenham and Northampton:Edward Elgar, pp. 1∼11.

15.

Blower, A., Boersema, J. and Martin, A. 2012. “Is sustainable development sustainable?”Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 9(1), pp. 1∼8.

16.

Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M. 2005. “Rethinking Sustainable Cities: Multilevel Governance and the ‘Urban’ Politics of Climate Change.” Environmental Politics, 14(1), pp. 42∼63.

17.

Choon, S.-W., Siwar, C., Pereira, J. J., Jemain, A. A., Hashim, H. S. and Hadi, A. S. 2011. “A sustainable city index for Malaysia.” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 18(1), pp. 28∼35.

18.

de Kerk, G.V. and Manuel, A. R. 2008. “A comprehensive index for a sustainable society:The SSI－the Sustainable Society Index.” Ecological Economics, 66(2-3), pp.228∼242.

19.

Dovern, J., Quaas, M. F. and Rickels, W. 2014. “A comprehensive wealth index for cities in Germany.” Ecological Indicators, 41, pp. 79∼86.

20.

Dryzek, J. S. 2005. “Changing Society: Green Politics, The Politics of the Earth:Environmental Discourses.” Oxford University Press, pp. 203∼227.

21.

Egilmez, G., Gumus, S. and Kucukvar, M. 2015. “Environmental sustainability benchmarking of the U.S. and Canada metropoles: An expert judgment-based multi-criteria decision making approach.” Cities, 42(Part A), pp. 31∼41.

22.

Estoque, R. C. and Murayama, Y. 2014. “Measuring sustainability based upon various perspectives:a case study of a hill station in Southeast Asia.” Ambio, 43(7), pp. 943∼956.

23.

Hiremath, R. B., Balachandra, P., Kumar, B., Bansode, S. S. and Murali, J. 2013. “Indicator-based urban sustainability-A review.” Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(6), pp. 555∼563.

24.

Hsu, A. et al. 2016. 2016 Environmental Performance Index.

25.

Huang, L., Wu, J. and Yan, L. 2015. “Defining and measuring urban sustainability: a review of indicators.” Landscape Ecology, 30(7), pp. 1175∼1193.

26.

IDB. 2013. Annex 2: Indicators of the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative Methodological guide 2013 Version.

27.

ISO. 2014. ISO 37120: Sustainable development of communities－Indicators for city services and quality of life.

28.

Lee, J.-H. and Yun, S.-J. 2011. “A comparative study of governance in State Management:Focusing on the Roh Moo-hyun government and the Lee Myung-bak government,”Development and Society, 40(2), pp. 289∼318.

29.

Lee, Y.-J. and Huang, C.-M. 2007. “Sustainability index for Taipei.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 27(6), pp. 505∼521.

30.

London Sustainable Development Commission. 2013. London’s Quality of Life Indicators 2012Report.

31.

Long, G. 2015. “The Idea of Universality in the Sustainable Development Goals.” Ethics & International Affairs, 29(2), pp. 203∼222.

32.

Marsal-Llacuna, M.-L., Colomer-Llinàs, J. and Meléndez-Frigola, J. 2015. “Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90(Part B), pp. 611∼622.

33.

Michael, F. L., Noor, Z. Z. and Figueroa, M. J. 2014. “Review of urban sustainability indicators assessment－Case study between Asian countries.” Habitat International, 44, pp. 491∼500.

34.

Mori, K. and Christodoulou, A. 2012. “Review of sustainability indices and indicators:Towards a new City Sustainability Index (CSI).” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 32(1), pp. 94∼106.

35.

Mori, K. and Yamashita, T. 2015. “Methodological framework of sustainability assessment in City Sustainability Index (CSI): A concept of constraint and maximisation indicators.” Habitat International, 45(1), pp. 10∼14.

36.

Scipioni, A., Mazzi, A., Mason, M. and Manzardo, A. 2009. “The Dashboard of Sustainability to measure the local urban sustainable development: The case study of Padua Municipality.” Ecological Indicators, 9(2), pp. 364∼380.

37.

Springett, D. and Redclift, M. 2015. “Sustainable Development: History and Evolution of the Concept,” in Michael Redclift and Delyse Springett (eds.), Routledge International Handbook of Sustainable Development. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 3∼22.

38.

Tanguay, G. A., Rajaonson, J., Lefebvre, J.-F. and Lanoie, P. 2010. “Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators.” Ecological Indicators, 10(2), pp. 407∼418.

39.

The City of New York. 2011. plaNYC Update April 2011: A Greener, Greater New York.

40.

The Urban China Initiative. 2014. The China Urban Sustainability Index 2013.

41.

Turcu, C. 2013. “Re-thinking sustainability indicators: local perspectives of urban sustainability.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 56(5), pp. 695∼719.

42.

UN. 2016. HABITAT III ZERO DRAFT OF THE NEW URBAN AGENDA.

43.

Van Dijk, M. P. and Mingshun, Z. 2005. “Sustainability indices as a tool for urban managers, evidence from four medium-sized Chinese cities.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25(6), pp. 667∼688.

44.

Wang, Y., Lam, K.-c., Harder, M. K., Ma, W.-c. and Yu, Q. 2013. “Developing an indicator system to foster sustainability in strategic planning in China: A case study of Pudong New Area, Shanghai.” Ecological Indicators, 29, pp. 376∼389.

45.

Ward, J. D., Sutton, P. C., Werner, A. D., Costanza, R., Mohr, S. H. and Simmons, C. T. 2016. “Is Decoupling GDP Growth from Environmental Impact Possible?”PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0164733.

46.

Zhang, X., Wu, Y. and Shen, L. 2011. “An evaluation framework for the sustainability of urban land use: A study of capital cities and municipalities in China.” Habitat International, 35(1), pp. 141∼149.

47.

Zoeteman, B. C. J., Van der Zande, M. and Smeets, R. 2015. Integrated Sustainability Monitoring of 58 EUCities: A Study of European Green Capital Award Applicant Cities. Tilburg: Telos.

Space and Environment

e-Submission OA Policy