Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
Vol.31 No.2
Abstract
This study conducted a cost-benefit analysis incorporating social accounts with the aim of examining the economic efficiency of public land-lease social housing in order to obtain implications for solving the social problem of rising housing prices, which is becoming more serious in recent years. It was confirmed that public land-lease social housing could form an efficient price through indicators such as the benefit-cost ratio, market liquidity of the project, and minimum rent. In particular, the efficiency of social housing was more clearly revealed through comparison with private rental housing. Through a comparative analysis of the supply conditions of social housing in Europe, it was also confirmed that public subsidies and long-term low-interest financing support can further increase price efficiency. These results are very different from some assertions that the role of the public should be reduced to increase the efficiency of the market, and indicate the necessity of expanding the supply of social housing.
Abstract
한국토지주택공사 직원의 부동산 투기 사건이 사회적 이슈가 되면서 공공 토지·주택 공급에서의 독점적 지위에 대한 비판의 목소리가 더욱 높아지고 있다. 공공기관 중심의 대규모 택지개발은 관계자의 비리 문제뿐 아니라 부동산 투기를 심화시키고, 산림 훼손 환경이슈, 공공주택에 대한 편견과 배제 등 여러 부작용을 일으킨다. 이에 대하여 소규모·다양한 주택 공급 확대, 공급주체의 다양화 등이 강조되고 있는 가운데 주거 분야 사회적경제주체가 공급하는 주택이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 사회적경제 주체가 사회경제적 약자를 대상으로 지불가능한 임대료로 공급하는 임대주택을 협의의 사회주택으로 정의하고, 지방자치단체 사회주택 조례의 특징과내용, 관련 현행 법령과 개정안 현황을 검토한다. 이를 바탕으로 사회주택 법체계 방향을살피고, 사회주택의 공급주체, 소유 관계, 공급 대상, 지원 방안 등에 대하여 고찰한다. 조속한 사회주택 법제화를 통해 사회주택 공급이 활성화되고, 주거복지 증진에 기여하는 주요 주택 유형 중 하나로 자리 잡기를 기대한다.
Abstract
This paper examines issues and challenges related to social mix in social housing estates focused on the cases of the UK, the Netherlands, and Canada, where social mix has been promoted over a long period of time. Then this paper aims to draw implications for Korea’s future provision of social mix. The interest in the social mix as a means to prevent spatial exclusion and social segregation of low-income households has been growing since 2000. This paper concludes that a simple mix of different tenures cannot easily achieve a social mix. It also confirms that a successful social mix needs a participation-based management system for effective conflict prevention and resolution and a physical environment that can promote natural exchanges between residents having different backgrounds. On the other hand, an insufficient inventory of social housing tends to lead to stigma and exclusion of social housing residents. Therefore, policies aimed at increasing the social housing stock need to be implemented first and foremost.
Abstract
In 2018, the proportion of decedents in total number of deaths is less than 3%, tax burden ratio and effective tax rate are 12.2% and 15.7% respectively in spite of the highest nominal tax rate of 50%. Total determined tax amount of inheritance tax and gift tax, 7.8 trillion Won is just around 2% of the total tax revenue of 378 trillion Won. The current asset inequality has been worsened compared with that in 1950 when the inheritance and gift tax were enacted. The role and function of inheritance tax and gift tax which were introduced with the highest tax rate of 90% for the purpose of easing the concentration and inheritance of wealth has been weakened. Lowered tax rate and increase of deductions are the main reasons behind it. This study reviewed the deductions in inheritance tax and gift tax and issues with property- related taxes. Based on the review, this study suggests 1) abolition of deduction for financial asset, cohabiting houses, 2) reduction of deduction for family business succession, 3) extension of aggregation period of ex-gifted asset in the calculation of inheritance tax and gift tax from current 10 years to 20 years, 4) change of aggregation from by person to by married couple in Comprehensive Real Estate Holding Tax to make the principle of taking a couple as a unit of asset-building and management with inheritance tax and gift tax, and 5) change of date of the acquisition of property in calculation of capital gain tax from date of inheritance or gift to original acquisition date when the inheritors or devisee sell the inherited or gifted assets.
Abstract
In the early 20th century, the area of the Seoul Station area was produced as an urban space with the east-west border, consistent with the ruling strategy of dividing the space of colonial powers. In the 1960s, a new governing power based on high modernism ideology emerged and they regarded the traditional built environment created in previous times as an obstacle to saturated CBD expansion. In response, multiple blueprints were presented to overcome the border by intervening in urban space. This study focused on two bird’s-eye views of developments which were proposed as plans(‘Modernization Plan around Seoul Station’ and ‘Seoul Station Covering project’) to deconstruct the materiality of the border through a full-scale and rapid reconstruction of urban space. With analyzing these plans, this study explores the conditions, contents, and causes of cancellation in socio-spatial context. Additionally this study analyzes the intention and intrinsic limitations of the idea at the time. Through this, this study proposes certain implications for the strategy of overcoming the border in the Seoul Station area, which has been re-emerged as a current issue. On the critical premise of overcoming the authoritarian and automobile-centered mobility bias which were inherent in the development plan of the previous period, it is necessary to discuss and review the full-scale and rapid reconstruction of urban space as a means to resolve the border around station and the old urban center including the Seoul Station area.
Abstract
This paper explores the use and exploitation of complicated social boundaries formed by urban subjects in urban space, in the case of Southwark, London. London not just is a hugely populated city but also consists of ethnic minorities exceeding half of London’s overall population with cultural diversity. To avoid conflicts generated by the cultural diversity, mild indifference becomes a social manner that people should have in London. However, indifference and fragmented relations become a means to an end for usage and exploitation of the subjects having economic/ political power. And, the complex social boundaries become the cause of more production of complicated resources to use. Besides, normal citizens have limits in obtaining and understanding all information and knowledge caused by complicated urban relations. Also, citizens do not actively counteract against social contradictions in cooperation with others, but they just use the resources bringing benefit to them in the limited urban relations. Considering the rapid increase of the population of ethnic minorities, London’s case also has great implications for South Korea. Methods for this research are ethnographic (participatory)observation, interview, and secondary data.