Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.24 No.1
Abstract
Traditional vocational rehabilitation has advocated both individual skills development and environmental modification as its major intervention strategies. Ironically, however, practice has been predominated by skill-enhancement interventions. In the midst of a strong emphasis on such individual deficit-focused programs, the development of job accommodation, as an effective environmental modification technique for persons with psychiatric disability, is in the most compelling need. As the impetus to the developing process, this study proposed changes in the view of disability and empirical evidence regarding the positive impacts of job accommodation on employment outcomes. In this context, this study reconceptualized job accommodation from a support paradigm based on a new viewpoint of disability, operationalizing it differently from previous approach which has prevented various research questions from being scientifically investigated. Through the use of procedures more amenable to empirical testing, several research questions such as the subtype of job accommodation and their predictive value for employment outcomes were addressed. Results revealed three factors including in-person support, job demand, and consistency of job condition. Results also indicated that each of employment outcomes(i.e., job satisfaction and job function) was significantly predicted by those three factors. Whereas only in-person support of the three factors contributed significantly to prediction of job satisfaction, two of the three factors(in-person support and consistency of job condition) were significant predictors of job function. These findings suggest not only that accommodation positively affect employment outcomes, but that certain job accommodation are possibly associated with specific employment outcomes. Implications, limitations, and considerations for future study were discussed.
Abstract
The present study examined the issue of domain specificity in cognitive development. We investigated 3- to 11-year-old children's physical, psychological and biological knowledge to examine whether they were distinctive knowledge systems and have developed domain specifically with increasing age. To assess children's distinctive knowledge systems, we analyzed ontological distinctions and cross domain explanations. Results indicated that the physical and psychological domains were independent from at 3 years of age, but the biological domain was not until at 7 years of age. To assess domain specific developmental changes, we analyzed rank order correlations of between domain tasks and within domain tasks. Results indicated that the correlations of between domain tasks were not very high. This suggested that the levels of performances in each domain were not the same or homogeneous and supported the domain specificity hypothesis. However, the correlations of within domain tasks were also not very high. These were unexpected results and inconsistent with the domain specificity hypothesis. There were no systematic changes in the correlations of each age group. So we couldn't find any systematic developmental changes in the domain specificity. The findings of this study were discussed for further empirical testing of domain specificity hypothesis in cognitive development.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the theory hypothesis suggested by the knowledge oriented approaches to cognitive development. We investigated 3- to 11-year-old children's physical, psychological and biological knowledge and examined whether they were organized as a theory, what kind of characteristics they had and how they have changed with increasing age. Results indicated that, for ontological distinctions, 3-year-old children performed correctly in about 25% of the tasks in each domain. This suggested that they had foundational abilities to form a theory. For causal law, from 5 years of age, children's physical, psychological and biological knowledge were used as a causal device to give explanations to why questions. For coherence, in psychological domain, coherence of knowledge system has emerged from 3 years of age, however in physical and biological domains, it has emerged after 9 and 11 years of age respectively. For abstract construct, in psychological domain, after 3 years of age, children explained behaviors by the abstract construct such as the state of mind. However, in physical and biological domains, not until at 9- and 11-year-old, children explained the causal relations by an abstract construct. The findings of the present study suggest that children's knowledge exists as a theory much earlier than known by the traditional theory and the theories of each domain develop specifically with increasing age.
Abstract
This article is an analysis of the birth-myth of King Suro. It is based on the premise of Analytical Psychology that a myth is the product of human psyche and the projection of collective unconsciousness. In this study, mythologem, the key motif in myth, and the development of mythological contents were regarded to correspond to archetypal images and libidinal transformation processes. Symbolic meanings of myth were explored through the hermeneutic method with amplification of symbols and comparisons among similar stories. And meanings of the mythical symbols were interpreted as an intra-psychic phenomena. The purpose of myth analysis in Analytical Psychology is to understand the phenomena that occur inside of human psyche. To comprehend mythical symbols could be one way to get insights into the abyssal unconsciousness, which is called "Object Psyche, i.e. the Other in me"; therefore we can get help in restoring the psychic totality and equilibrium through walking out of one-sidedness of the conscious. Finally the implications and limitations of this study were discussed and further suggestions were made.
Abstract
Korean public images of psychology relative to other disciplines were examined. A total of 3,318 volunteer participants rated six areas (i.e., interest, contribution to society, future prospect, importance, expertise, and personal knowledge) in 10 disciplines on a 8-point Likert scale with appropriate anchors. The data was analysed by ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and t-test. The results showed that psychology, compared to other disciplines, was rated high in personal interest and personal knowledge, but was rated low in contribution to society. Implications are discussed.
Abstract
Many psychologists including William James (1890) contended that only the ability domains to which an individual gives importance will have influences on Global Self-Esteem (GSE). However, Hoge and McCarthy (1984) and Marsh (1986, 1993) showed that weighting by Individual Importance lowered the correlations of Self-View (of one's ability) to one's GSE and that weighting by Group Importance did not increase the correlations. In Study 1, participants were administered Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and wrote both their merits and their demerits, and then they rated, on each domain of these merits and demerits, Self-View(SV), Attitudes to their ability (general feeling; contributions to their happiness/unhappiness; pride/shame), and discrepancy between ideal and real self. In Study 2 and Study 3, participants rated the similar scales on the given domains which were determined from the content analysis of the data of Study 1. Results of three studies showed that ⑴ weighting by Individual Importance does not decrease, if not increase, the correlations between SV and GSE, ⑵ General Self Acceptance (favorite attitudes to both their merits and their demerits) is the most influential on predicting GSE, ⑶ individuals who have Acceptance of the most problematic Demerits (domains on which they give very high importance, but have very poor ability) have higher GSE than those who have not Acceptance of those problematic Demerits.
Abstract
This study investigated the latent risk factors at probation on the in-take case interview. Besides static risk factors dynamic risk factors were included in order to find out more effect predictors of recidivism. 642 probationers were participated from Y and C probational offices. Among them, 300 juveniles and 342 adults were included. For juvenile probationers, recidivism-related behavior was related to the types of measures and dispositions, number of accomplice, same kinds of crime, previous fine, previous probation, presence of criminal records, years of education, attitude on education, family to live with, family breakdown, parent' attitude on child-rearing, relationship with parent, admitting responsibility of current crime, attitude on intake interview and completeness of registration forms, and accordance of contents on registration forms. Prediction of recidivism-related behaviors for adult probationers had similar patterns to juveniles' but there were some dissimilarities. For adults, violation of Society Protection Law and early onset of delinquency were relatively more effective predictors to predict recidivism-related behavior compared to other risk factors. Also employment and job attitudes were effective predictors for predicting adults' recidivism.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among adult attachment styles, negative cognitive triad, and depression. Following Bartholomew's Self and Other Model of attachment styles, we classified adult attachment styles into 4 categories, which were secure (32.8%), fearful (6.8%), preoccupied (17.2%), and dismissing (34.7%) attachment styles. We investigated negative cognitive triad and depression by CTI (Cognitive Triad Inventory) and BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) for the four attachment categories. People with the fearful attachment style (Positivity of Self and Other Model) reported more negative thinking in self, other and future views of CTI and depression than those with the secure attachment style (Negativity of Self and Other Model). Those with preoccupied (Negativity of Self Model and Positivity of Other Model) style showed more negative thinking about self but no negative thinking about other or world than those with the dismissing attachment style (Positive Self Model and Negative Other Model). It suggested that Bartholomew's Self and Other Model of attachtment styles was partially supported, particularly in the Self Model. Suggestions for further research are presented.
Abstract
Intercultural contact in rapidly increasing as the world becomes globalized. In Korea, successful cultural adaptation is gaining more and more importance with the increase in various types of intercultural contact. This paper reviews the theory and methods of intercultural training which was developed to help people prepare for the intercultural contact, culture shock and conflict. It has been well established in the literature that intercultural training leads to better acceptance, understanding, and enjoyment of cultural diversity. This paper reviews the concept of intercultural training, related areas, historical development, major theories and methods, and the current situation in Korea, and concludes with some suggestions for future directions for the area.
Abstract
The present study aims to review previous researches of cognitive psychology on the attentional bias effect in emotional disorder. Firstly, we reviewed experimental paradigms(e.g., emotioinal stroop task, dot probe detection task) used in studies for attentional effect related to emotional information processing. Secondly, general results obtained in these experimental paradigm were analysed across each emotional disorder(e.g., depression, anxiety, and phobia). Thirdly, theoretical models proposed to account these results were presented. Finally, we proposed that a more integrative model for accounting emotional information processing need more than one level of processing. At least, two level of processing (e.g., conscious and non conscious processing) is needed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of 'Belief about Emotional Expression' on inhibition of emotional expression. In preliminary study, we developed 15 items scale by contents analysis. Factor analysis confirm 2 factor structure; ‘Instrumental- conventional beliefs’ and ‘emotive-relational beliefs’. It not only includes beliefs former theoretical results cover- self protective, prosocial beliefs, but also beliefs like power-work oriented, conventional impress managing beliefs. the Negative beliefs about emotional expression significantly explained ambivalence on emotional expression and low expressiveness together with low emotional awareness. it also show significant corelation with depression and anxiety. It means that the scale is reliable and valid and could explain the relationship between expressiveness and wellbeing. Belief on Emotional Expression could be antecedent that make ambivalence and suppression on expression, active supersession could affect emotional adaptiveness.