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Space and Environment

  • P-ISSN1225-6706
  • E-ISSN2733-4295
  • KCI

ISSN : 1225-6706

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Vol.22 No.2

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PDF Citation Singapore’s Creative City Policy Revisited
; pp.5-37
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Abstract

This study critically examines the Singapore’s creative city policy. In this article, we argue that the shift towards the creative economy in Singapore resulted from the Singapore state’s intentional policy, and the creative city policy is a sort of a new economic growth policy for stabilizing the new economy. This study analyzes the historical, economic, cultural, and social context in which the creative city policy was created and implemented and evaluates the pros and cons of the policy. The creative city policy contributed to the successful re-industrialization from manufacturing sectors to service sectors, but has faced severe criticism such as the instrumental use of culture for economic growth, the window dressing policy (the prioritization of hardware over software),and the neglect of social costs resulted from the creative city policy. This research is based on a case study focusing on the archives, site visits, and in-dept interviews.

PDF Citation Overeducation in Youth Labor Markets: Focusing on Spatial Effects
pp.38-77
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Abstract

이 연구는『2009년 대졸자직업이동경로조사』자료를 이용하여 공간적 요인이청년 대졸자의 첫 일자리 하향취업에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하고 있다. 하향취업의 척도는 주관적 기준과 객관적 기준에 따라 다양하게 구성하였다. 노동시장의 공간적 효과를 측정하기 위해 고교 및 대학 소재지와 직장소재지 정보를 이용하여 청년층의 공간적 이동성향과 관련된 척도를 구성하는 한편, 인구센서스원자료를 이용하여 지역노동시장의 특성과 관련된 변수를 결합하였다. 마지막으로 공간적 요인의 효과가 대학서열화 효과로 설명될 수 있는지를 파악하기 위해대학 수능점수 척도를 구성하였다. 선택편의를 고려한 프로빗 모형 분석결과, 공간적 요인은 대학 서열화 효과를통제한 후에도 청년대졸자의 첫 일자리 하향취업에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을미친다는 점이 확인되었다. 그러나 주요 변수들의 효과는 하향취업 척도를 구성하는 방식에 따라 각기 다른 방향으로 도출되었다. 우선 공간적 유연성의 효과와관련해서는 이동의 물리적 거리뿐만 아니라 방향성도 중요한 요소라는 점이 확인되었다. 지역노동시장의 조건 역시도 모형에 따라 정도의 차이는 있지만 하향취업에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 모든 모형에서 지역노동시장의 크기가클수록 하향취업에 양의 효과를 미쳤으며, 지역 고용률은 객관적 기준의 하향취업에 역시 양의 효과를 미쳤다. 이와 같은 분석결과를 토대로 대졸 청년층의 노동시장 진입과정을 이해함에 있어서 대학의 공간적 위계 못지않게 일자리의 공간적 위계가 중요한 요인이라는함의를 도출하였다. 아울러 고용정책 차원에서 지역단위에서 청년 대졸자에 대한 양질의 일자리를 창출하고 기존 일자리에 대한 노동조건을 개선하는 것이 필요하다는 정책적 함의를 도출하였다.

PDF Citation Making Alternative Economic Spaces under the Capitalism: An Experience with Workers-Run Companies in Argentina
pp.78-113
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Abstract

Informed by debates on labor geography, which regards worker as a key actor in shaping landscape of capitalism and alternative economic space which orients to another economic system without worker’s exploitation beyond existing capitalism, this article examines the possibility of realizing an alternative economic space under the capitalism. To confirm the argument empirically I go on to examine Argentina’s experience with worker-run companies in 2000s after the financial crisis.

PDF Citation Experiencing North Korea-China Borderland and Routes of Mobility: ‘Border Crossing’ of North Korean border-crossers and the Expanding of Transnational Ethnic Spaces
pp.114-158
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Abstract

Since the breakout of North Korean mass migration in the mid-1990s, the motivations and experiences of North Korean border-crossers have been mainly explained within the framework of economic migration. However, without ignoring the importance of this previous research framework based on economic migration, this article suggests the adoption of a cultural perspective that seeks to understand their mobility. In particular, this paper pays special attention to the borderland between North Korea and China which could be characterised as ‘transnational ethnic space’ and transnational experiences of North Koreans that have long been constructed in the borderland. In highlighting the cultural significance of the borderland, it investigates whether North Korean mobility is ‘border-crossing’ of the national territory between China and North Korea or the ‘border-making’ of transnational ethnic spaces. In other words, long established cultural and linguistic communities in the borderland since beginning of the 20th century have provided stronger feelings of security and intimacy between the two and supported significant numbers of North Koreans in crossing the territory of China-North Korea during North Korea’s economic crisis. In this sense, the experience of North Korean border-crossers should be conceptualised as ‘mobility’ within the everyday community rather than ‘migration’ from one nation to another. This paper also argues that their long journey within China as well as across Asia to South Korea needs to be understood as a process of ‘border-making’ of transnational ethnic space. Furthermore, after arriving at South Korea, North Koreans experiences diverse ‘borders’ in a society, but they also attempt to cross those borders by actively engaging with transnational activities.

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