Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
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Vol.23 No.1
Abstract
최근 서울시 도시정책에서는 ‘마을공동체’ 담론이 크게 유행하고 있다. 이러한맥락에서 이 논문은 ‘마을’이나 ‘공동체’를 지나치게 이상화하고 낭만화하려는 전반적인 움직임에 비판적인 관점을 제기한다. 보다 구체적으로 본 논문에서는 ‘마을만들기’를 도시를 관리하기 위한 다양하고 이질적인 실천과 담론들이 결합하면서 만들어내는 권력의 ‘통치기술’로 바라보면서 현재 서울시의 적극적인 주도로추진되고 있는 「마을공동체 만들기 사업」은 신자유주의 도시화에 저항하는 ‘해방적정치’라기보다는 오히려 더욱 구조적이고 광범위한 신자유주의 정치기획의 일환일수 있음을 지적하면서, 그것은 이른바 ‘공동체를 통한 통치(government through community)’를 작동시키기 위한 사전 정지작업으로 이해될 수 있음을 주장한다. 또한 경험연구를 위한 일종의 ‘전략’으로서 본 논문은 서울시의 「마을공동체만들기 사업」을 1970년대 박정희 정권의 「새마을운동」과 함께 교차적으로 살펴보고, 이를 통해서 서울시의 「마을공동체 만들기 사업」을 둘러싼 실천과 담론들을 문제시하고, 탈신비화하며, 재정치화할 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 했다. 결론적으로 본 논문은 「마을공동체 만들기 사업」을 ‘기업가주의’와 ‘컨설팅’의모순적인 결합으로 개념화하면서, 신자유주의적 정치기획과 전술들이 도시공간에서 뻗어나가는 다양한 지형들의 궤적과 윤곽을 좀 더 예민한 시각으로 보다 비판적으로 분석할 것을 촉구한다.
Abstract
This paper tries to unveil the conflicting views regarding the migrant integration policy of Seoul, by critically examining the inception and implementation process of the Seoul Global City Policy. The policy was launched in 2007 by the Seoul mayor, Oh Se Hoon as a comprehensive tool for supporting foreign residents in Seoul. With a view to the enhancement of city competitiveness,the policy initially targeted foreign investors and tourists. However, with the mounting policy demand from mostly low income foreign residents, especially Korean Chinese communities, the policy shifted its focus from competitiveness to social cohesion. By following the process of policy readjustment and reconstruction, the paper illustrates how Seoul city government responded to the population diversification in a globalized era and what needs to be done for further policy development.
Abstract
Recently, the Korean government launched policies for supporting community business(CB) and social enterprise(SE), and these are carried out by separate departments with different definition and schemes. They established the operational definition on the SE and CB which has been used by Korean researchers. Actually, some researches focusing on CB made some mistakes in defining the SE which regarded CB as a wider concept than the SE which is far different from the international tendency. Therefore, this study tries to identify the mistakes in defining the SE and CB in Korea and to increase the recognition on the actual results of the CB policy in Scotland in 1980s. The CB support policy of the Scotland was started modest in 1970s and enhanced by the establishment of single agency in 1984 in Strathclyde region. However, the policy was not successful in improving regional economy. So,the Scotland stopped the CB support policy in 1995 and changed into traditional economic growth policy with top-down approach. This may imply for Korea that the policy for CB support should make a focus on encouraging self-sustaining CB which are able to make profit by their own economic activities.
Abstract
The Indian state of Kerala has been successfully carrying out decentralization and empowering people and local communities, especially through the 'People's Plan' since 1990s. People’s plan of Kerala started the devolution of control of decisions and budgets for local development from a centralized bureaucracy to local communities and ordinary people. Through People’s plan,local people could participate in planning process, and determine and implement their development projects by themselves with their own priorities. This paper aims to comprehend overall evolving process of the People’s plan in Kerala from the campaign phase to the institutional phase since 1990s, and to analyse the characteristics and implications of Kerala's unique experiments in the world.
Abstract
This paper take a look at the matter of local autonomy in the light of rights or power. Last 20 year’s local autonomy is nothing more than a statist municipalism, where rights to local autonomy are discretionally and from-above instituted by the central government. We look forwards to a new conception of local autonomy to be replaced by a statist one. This is a civicist municipalism which is characterized by the from-below institutionalization of citizens’ participatory rights to local autonomy as part of their civil rights. Rights to local autonomy is presupposed to be derived from a local civil society. The late part of paper is devoted to prescribing concrete devices for civicist municipalism, but what matters is how rights to autonomy should be drawn from local civil society. Conclusion is therefore to put forwards a new conception for self-governing decentralization.