Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
Vol.31 No.1
Abstract
Oyster culture industry in Korea has “grown” explosively in the wave of “modernization on fishing,” which is aligned with the period of condensed mod- ernization since the 1960s. This industry is not only a collectivity of political and economic relationships among sea animals called oysters and plural humans, but also closely entangled with ecological issues such as viruses, high water temper- atures, red tides, and farm waste. Nevertheless, political and ecological dis- cussions on oyster farming have not been properly conducted. In this study, the oyster farming industry was deconstructed and analyzed from a political and eco- logical perspective, and how the oyster farming industry has changed the Korean marine space. In particular, the three-dimensionality and fluidity of the marine space were analyzed in connection with the discussion of natureculture. As a re- sult, the dramatic increase in oyster production is not a single result of state-led growthism or the development of fisheries technology, but various aspirations for development, expansion of ecological knowledge, introduction of new tech- nologies and tools, ecological risks, institutions, and capital, which was a hetero- geneous collectivity. In addition, this study shows that the change in which the three-dimensional farms using the space vertically from the horizontal farms be- came dominant was the process and the result of the transformation of the ocean into a capitalist space of enclosure and intensive production. It was captured that objects such as viruses and marine debris that move across the boundary of farms have served as actors forming new aggregates. Through this, the study expanded the boundaries of “human history” to reveal the three-dimensionality and diver- sity of natureculture, in which non-human animals, tools, actions, capital, and ecological risks are complexly intertwined.
Abstract
In the commons literature, there have been vast discussions based on the idea that atmosphere should be considered as the commons. Especially, appropriate in- stitutions or rules to manage the atmospheric commons have intensively been ex- plored from a view of the commons as an object of use and management. However, less attention has been paid to what political process has been inscribed into the at- mospheric commons and how it works. This article calls for rethinking the com- mons as a political process and political constitution. By using a theoretical frame- work of ‘politics of the commons’, this paper explores movements against air pollu- tion and climate change in South Korea from the 1970s to 2010s: ‘Against Pollution Damage’, ‘Blue-sky’, ‘Against Fine Dust’, and ‘Youth Climate Movements’. This article analyzes where the atmospheric commons becomes to be spoken, who speak the atmosphere as a commons, how communities having the right to the commons are defined, and how the mechanism of decommonisation is supposed. This is ex- pected to show that the politics of class, urban management, nation-state, and rec- ognition has been carved into the atmosphere, the space of flow and invisibility. Lastly, this paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of post-territorial poli- tics on the atmospheric commons.
Abstract
This paper analyzes various verticalization cases conducted by private universities in Seoul, South Korea, based on the concept of developmental urbanism. By doing so, this paper conceptualizes the university as one of the various urban actors and attempts to contribute to promoting a more heterogeneous understanding of the urbanization process in South Korea. To this end, this paper reviews the theories of capital circulation and growth machine and investigates processes of capital accumulation and rent-seeking through capital switching led by the university. As a result, it can be observed that the university promotes verticalization not only for educational purposes but also for various purposes such as economic, political and symbolic ones, and the space produced by this process tends to be exclusive and uneven. Finally, this paper argues that such university spaces accelerates the commecialization of urban spaces and reproducing spatial and social inequality.
Abstract
최근 도시에 대한 권리, 포용도시 등 인권에 대한 관심이 커지고, 인권 보장을 위한 제도도 확대되었다. 이러한 변화의 일환으로 2019년부터 공공기관의 인권영향평가가 이루어졌다. 본 논문은 국토 분야 공공기관 사업 인권영향평가의 내용과 방법을 비판적으로 분석함으로써, 국토 분야에서 실현되어야 할 인권 범위에 관한 논의와 공정한 인권 보장 방법을 담아내는 인권영향평가를 제안한다. 이를 통해 인권영향평가가 국토정책 분야에서 인권 담론 형성에 기여하도록 하는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 본 논문은 롤스의 정의론에 근거해 공간 정의 실현 방향을 제시하고, 인권 보장을 위한국가의 역할을 강조하였다. 이 시각에서 볼 때 현재의 공공기관 사업 인권영향평가는 국토분야에서 인권 논의를 할 수 있는 제도적 틀임에도 불구하고 특정 분야에서 특정 계층만을대상으로 하며, 단순한 형태의 평가방법임을 지적하였다. 본 논문에서는 인권 보장의 기준이 되는 기본재 개념을 적용하여 이해관계자의 범위와 인권의 유형을 최소한의 자유권에서 사회권으로 확대하고, 추상적 인권 개념을 헌법에 명시된 기본권 중 국토 분야의 기본권으로 구체화하였다. 또한 국가의 인권 보장 방법으로, 취약계층의 기본권을 보장하는 차등의 원칙을 적용하기 위해 국가에서는 공정함을 증명하기 위한 논증절차를 거쳐야 하며, 기본권 간 상충이 생길 경우 비례성의 원칙을 적용해 다수에게 공평함을 유지하기 위한 의무를 수행할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
This study aims to identify the factors and effects of civic engagement in improving the community in an ethnic cluster, and its relationship with place attachment by applying a grounded theory method to the experiences of volunteers of the Daerim-dong Foreigners’ Voluntary Crime Prevention Patrol (FVCPP) in Seoul. The results show both the specificity of immigrants as well as the generality. First, in addition to general factors such as positive perception of the ethnic cluster and personal characteristics, in the case of immigrants, special factors such as their adaptation to local society and awareness of the ethnic community act as causal conditions for place attachment and civic engagement. In addition, negative local public opinion on immigrants and the cluster motivates them to volunteer in the community, and their social ties connect them to engage. Immigrant civic engagement drives personal, social, and environmental development, as well as the development of the civic activity itself, which in turn reinforces place attachment. From this, we can derive the conditions in which immigrants’ local adaptation, place attachment, civic engagement, and community improvement can make synergistic effects with each other.
Abstract
In the midst of Covid-19 crisis, caring has emerged as a rising agenda that should be considered as not only an private issue but also social and communal. Although social reproduction has been regarded as a subdomain of production or gender problem, a shift in perception is now being encouraged so that it can viewed as an equally important matter to all community members. In this research, the case study of ‘WeStay Byeollae’ has been conducted based on Federici’s view that suggests transformation of thinking and grassroots democracy for 'Commons'. WeStay Byeollae, the first housing co-op apartment complex in South Korea, is run by the resident members of the housing cooperative. Unlike other apartments in South Korea, these residents have built a creative culture of reproduction through participation and alliance, self-management, and collective decision-making, allowing them to overcome the limitations of social reproduction.
Abstract
Numerous policies announced by previous administrations with the goal of stabilizing real estate prices are still not functioning in the market. There is a question of what kind of policies should be established to effect the real estate and housing market. Therefore, it is intended to derive implications for the policy process and contents of the current era through a literature analysis study on real estate policies during the Joseon Dynasty. For this, the study focuses on the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, and is limited to the contents of housing policy. According to the analysis, the population growth and housing shortage were serious from the early Joseon Dynasty, and to solve this problem, the population of the city was forcibly relocated or unauthorized houses were removed to prepare housing sites. There were also reg ulations prohibiting the ownership of multiple homes. Despite these policies, the lack of housing stocks could not be resolved, so a policy to expand the city outside the fortress was promoted. In addition, taxes were imposed on homes and houses, and development deterrence policies were implemented, centering on Hanseong. It is analyzed as a result of reflecting the social, historical, and political environment of the time, which is a necessary process for social development at the time, and learns that an approach is needed from a macro perspective rather than responding to market movements.