Space and Environment
- P-ISSN1225-6706
- E-ISSN2733-4295
- KCI
ISSN : 1225-6706
Vol.28 No.2
Abstract
There are different regional disparities dependent upon the type of regional income. This paper introduces the concept of inter-regional risk sharing in order to clarify this and grasp the mechanism by which the gap between production income and expenditure income(consumption) is relaxed through the variance decomposition of GRDP identity, and analyze it empirically. An empirical analysis of risk sharing shows that market-based channels such as credit and capital markets play an important role in absorbing shocks to income at the regional level. Also, the redistribution channel of the government also plays a significant role, but it appears to be pro-cyclical. The difference between the capital region and the non-capital regions in risk sharing is contrasted with the difference of the capital market channel. In the former, this channel plays a very important role, but the tax and transfer and credit market channels are more important in the latter. This analysis implies that the regional problem in Korea is related not only to regional concentration in the Capital region, but also to structural problems.
Abstract
In Japan, there has been a huge migration of young people from regional areas to three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya from the 1950 ’s. On the other hand, there have been a growing number of regional areas struggling to maintain a certain level of public or private services due to insufficient population density. A gradual increase in regional polarization has been reinforced by decreasing job opportunities in non-metropolitan regions. Japanese government introduced the spatial concept of “compact and networks” by developing ‘Grand Design of National Spatial Development towards 2050’ which aims to respond to the challenges Japan faces including an unprecedented population decreasing society, as well as economic depression. South Korea have the similar problems as the Japan has undergone in the several decades. The main purpose of this study is to provide a rich discussion of spatial development strategies by reviewing Japanese government’s recent efforts to reshape spatial structures. This paper suggests that firstly, spatial development strategies should reinforce effective collaboration between growing metropolitan areas and adjacent areas in decline. Secondly, regional industrial policies need to be tightly linked with ‘compact and networks’ spatial strategies in order to not only develop the local economies, but also improve the productivity of the entire nation.
Abstract
This study approaches the issues of inter-regional disparity and balanced development from the perspective of the socially underprivileged. We ask whether the quality of life, i.e. well-being of the socially underprivileged also is balanced between regions, as the regional disparities in economic performance are eased at the macro and ‘average’ level. This paper uses the Capabilities Approach to answer this question by assessing their well-being by region as ‘capabilities’ and comparing it among the regions. To this end, we have established a ‘Capabilities Indicator System for the Socially Underprivileged(CIS-SU)’ and applied it to 162 cities and counties in Korea to compare and analyze their capabilities among the regions. The analysis shows that while the GRDP per capita is balanced among the regions, the capabilities of the socially underprivileged are considerably different between the Seoul Capital Area and the Provinces, and between large cities, small and medium cities, and rural areas. Based on the results, we argue that the regional balanced regional development policy should be extended to the social inclusion policy to solve the regional disparity in terms of the well-being of the socially underprivileged and suggest policy directions for realizing this.
Abstract
The urban renewal of residential area in Korea can be defined a s ‘social regeneration’ in that it aims to enhance the value of space through social practice of residents rather than investment of economic capital. On the other hand, the community that urban renewal is aimed at has the character of a distribution community due to the establishment of its artificial geographical scope, and if stake-holders try to dominate the community, the exclusion of the weaker-member may occur, community participation of residents can be suppressed and social regeneration can be difficult. This paper examines the possibility by analyzing the case of concluding for rent stabilization agreement in Shinheungshijang Market. As a result, rent stabilization agreement in Shinheungshijang Market have had no effect in stabilizing rents, it was closely related to the suppression and exclusion of tenant-merchant/young-artist’s participation which conflicted with their interest by leading of the land-owners in the full process, from the composing of the association to the concluding of the agreement.
Abstract
The housing question in S. Korea are mainly spawning in the form of social conflicts surrounding the gap in access to owner-occupied house and the stratification effect of housing consumption. However, previous researches have not fully clarified the uniqueness of these housing problems and their origins. This paper argues that the housing question inherent in Korean society is derived from the special housing service supply system defined as ‘the resource mobilization-based housing provision chain’. This chain refers to the provision network, which is characterized by the dependence of private actors on financial resources and uneven exchange of costs and benefits resulting therefrom. This chain structured the bonds of interest between the government, large developers & house builders, and home-owning households, but also produced conflicts and strains between social actors due to the imbalance between cost burden and benefits, in addition to the problem of rising housing costs derived from speculative supply structure. In this regard, the housing question in Korean society is characterized by a social crisis in which the social disagreement surrounding the resource mobilization-based model and its cost-benefit structure explodes.