Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.35 No.1
Abstract
It is vital to select a correct evacuation route based on the direction guided by emergency evacuation route signs during a disaster. Because emergency evacuation route signs guide evacuation directions using left and right arrows, it is possible to produce the spatial Stroop effect due to the direction of the emergency evacuation route sign and its installed location. The current study conducted a laboratory experiment to examine whether the Stroop facilitation and/or interference effect is observed due to the installed location of the emergency evacuation route sign in various scenes. The results showed that the interference effect was strongly observed across scenes whereas the facilitation effect was weaker in stair-scenes than in corridor-scenes. These results indicate that the installed location of the emergency evacuation route sign in the horizontal plane can strongly affect human evacuation behavior. Therefore, the current findings should be legislated in a standard manner for fast and accurate human decision making in evacuation situations.
Abstract
This present study tested whether job stress mediated the relationship between workload and safety behavior of members in organization. In order to examine the hypotheses, 970 employees in various fields of companies were sampled. Using structural equation modeling(SEM), we conducted moderated mediation model analysis which elaborately investigated the significance of our hypotheses. The results indicated that job stress mediated the link between workload and safety behavior of members. In addition, the relationship between workload and job stress was moderated by transformational leadership. Moreover safety climate moderated the job stress-safety behavior linkage. The implications and limitations of our study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of studies on suicide survivors—who are at a high psychological risk—and to direct future studies in psychological counseling for suicide survivors by analyzing research trends in South Korea. For this purpose, a total of 52 research papers, including 21 thesis papers and 31 journal articles, were analyzed under the following categories: basic information, research subject, research method, and factors contributing to overcoming grief and post intervention program of suicide. The analysis revealed the following results: First, the scrutiny of basic information of the studies showed a gradually increasing number of studies in the field of psychological counseling on suicide survivors. Second, through examining the research subjects, the possibility of expanding the concept of suicide survivors as a social community was verified. Third, examining the research methods showed that an insufficient number of studies had appropriately applied treatment methods in various cases. Fourth, examining the factors contributing to overcoming grief and post intervention program of suicide revealed the importance of social relations, counseling, psychological mourning rites, community-level post intervention program of suicide, and religion. Finally, these research results were discussed and a proposal for a follow-up study was offered.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether demographic, job characteristic and psychosocial factors are related to posttraumatic symptoms in firefighters, and to explore significant factors accounting for full Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(PSTD) and partial PTSD. Six hundred and thirty four firefighters and 119 rescue workers in 7 areas within Kangwon-do participated by completing a series of self-report questionnaires including the Impact of the Event-Scale-Revised, the Entrapment Scale, the Event-Related Rumination Inventory and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Ninety six of the responders were excluded due to not completing the consent form and missing data; 539 participants were included in the final analysis. Results showed that religion, exposure frequency to traumatic scene and stress management, intrusive rumination, and entrapment were significantly associated to PTSD symptoms. In a multimodal logistic regression analysis, event-related intrusive rumination was a significant factor related to full PTSD while religion appeared to be significantly associated with partial PTSD. The implications and limitations of the study as well as future directions are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was qualitatively to explore traumatic experience of adolescents losing their friends from the Sewol ferry disaster, based on counselors’ reports participated in crisis counseling and intervention at middle and high schools near Dan-won high school for about 5 - 12 months after the disaster. Interview data were collected by one-time focus group interview and a couple of individual in-depth interviews. The interviews were analyzed by content analysis procedures of Krippendorff(2003). The results were classified by 4 dimensions (‘physical’, ‘psychological’, ‘cognitive and academic’, and ‘behavioral and relational’ aspects), 13 categories, and 29 meaning contents. Based on the results of this study, significance and implications were presented.
Abstract
Gender difference in risk perception for overtaking was explored with respect to sensitivity, response bias, and reaction time. The results showed the followings. First, although male drivers showed higher response sensitivity and more lenient response bias than female drivers in overtaking judgment in general. this difference was prominent in straight lane and slow driving speed conditions than in curved lane or fast driving speed condition. Second, female drivers tended to show slower overtaking judgment than male drivers, especially in the conditions of straight lane and slow driving speed. Third, female drivers' reaction time in miss and correct rejection was slower than male drivers. These results suggested the necessity of considering physical condition of overtaking situation as well as various dependent measures such as response sensitivity, response bias and reaction time in understand gender difference in overtaking judgment.
Abstract
Distress tolerance(DT) has been considered as an important factor that contributes to manifestations, maintenance, relapses, and treatment compliances of alcohol use problems. Although many studies examined the roles and mechanisms of DT in problematic alcohol use, they proposed different ideas about its roles or reported inconsistent results. Thus systematic and critical reviews are needed for this literature. The present study aimed to review researches that had examined the relationship between DT and problematic alochol use and understand the roles of DT in the development of alcohol use problems clearly. It was found that DT has close relationship with alcohol use motives and moderates the links between negative experience related to negative life events and alcohol uses. Additionally, the inhibitory control function was found to be closely associated with DT. A comprehensive model depicting the relationships between DT and problematic alcohol use was developed and some specific directions about future researches were suggested.
Abstract
From the perspectives of psychoanalysis, the development of the attachment theory has been paradoxical in itself. Bowlby’s theory of attachment has been initially derived from the Kleinian psychoanalytic tradition focused on ‘internal world’ and ‘mother as a representation.’ However, it has been detached from its origin and found its place within empirical tradition of social science with developmental psychology concentrating on ‘external world’ and ‘real mother,’ and further developed into more empirical tradition in the field of psychology. Interestingly enough though, Fanagy representing modern attachment theory stresses the fact that the series of empirical studies on attachment have been reversed its academic trajectory, through rounds of revisions, back to ‘internal world.’ Fonagy’s attempt to reestablish ties between the two academic trends shows its effort clearly in his concept mentalization stemming from the idea of evolution. This study looks into ‘mutual regulation’ that is a revised hypothesis of mentalization and attachment theory in relation to the psychoanalytic tradition, and reviews current neurobiological finding on attachment and mentalization. Lastly, this study covers various operational measurement schemes of mentalization and discusses clinical implications of mentalization in the contexts of evidence-based treatment and of South Korean.
Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis is to explore the effectiveness of youth internet addiction group counseling programs. A total of 74 thesis on the effect of youth internet addiction group counseling program published between 2001 and 2014 were selected and reviewed. First, after analyzing the effect size of 225 samples out of 74 studies, the average effect size of youth internet addiction group counseling program is 1.144, respectively big. Second, the applied theory presents that the effect size is biggest when the program is developed on MI-CBT(Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy). Third, in regard to the dependent variable, when the program is designed to reduce variables related to stress, the effect size is the biggest. Fourth, in regard to mediators of the target, the effect size of the high school student group was the biggest. The effect size of voluntary participants and of the same gender group was bigger than that of involuntary participants and of the gender-heterogeneous group. Fifth, regarding to mediators of the program running, the effect size of treatment-focused programs was bigger than prevention-focused ones. It was the biggest when it was done by less than 10 participants during an experimental period of 5-8 weeks, 9-2 times per term, and 61-90 minutes per time. Based on these findings, key-factors of the development of internet addiction group counseling program are discussed.
Abstract
In the present study new developments in EFA(Exploratory Factor Analysis) that have occurred at the turn of the 21th century are discussed. New guidelines and an analysis of real data following the guidelines are given with practical comments. First, in a process of determining the number of factors, MRFA (minimum rank factor analysis) is recommended as the best method of Parallel Analysis (PA) instead of Horn's method (1965) and PA-PAFA (parallel analysis in principal axis factor analysis). Various fit indices such as CFI, RMSEA, and etc. allow us to consider “various psychometric criteria” before determining the number of factors as the indices are less sensitive to sample sizes than the conventional statistic. In addition estimation methods that are applicable to categorical data (dichotomous or polytomous) have been developed so that item factor analysis can be readily performed for categorical data. Second, in a process of rotating factor structures, “simple” oblique structure can be easily computed just by minimzing the value of complexity function, and a “partially specified target” rotaion is also available adopting a target matrix whose elements are partially hypothesized by a researcher. Finally, in a process of interpreting factor structures, ESEM (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling) will get prevalence in the near future as it allows us to free correlations between unique factors (measurement errors) and can produce more practical and interpretable factor stucutures. New guidelines on EFA are described in detail in the later part of this paper.
Abstract
The goals of this article are to (1) describe differences between mediated moderation and moderated mediation; (2) provide conceptual overview of how to examine each type of integration between mediation and moderation, including analytical strategy and interpretation of numerical results; (3) demonstrate how to analyze each using real data sets. The authors focus on the use of multiple regression because it remains the most commonly used method of assessing mediation and moderation in behavioral research. We hope that this discussion will mitigate confusion over the differences between mediated moderation and moderated mediation and thus can enhance the frequency of tests of mediated moderation and moderated mediation in the literature.