Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
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ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.39 No.4
Abstract
The humanity stands on the brink of the fourth industrial revolution that will be characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres (Schwab, 2016). Technological developments in the long run will bring about fundamental changes in the assumptions and functions of the law in respect to individuals and societies. In the short term, new technologies will assist, support, and guide people functioning in legal industries and justice systems. Further developments of the revolutionary technologies will accelerate the replacements of human works by machines, and some civil and criminal proceedings will be conducted online and by computer systems. These changes in the legal environment are expected to promote the adaptive evolution of legal psychology and forensic psychology to identify problems arising in the process of human-law interaction and seek solutions. Based on the microscopic changes that have begun to appear as recently developed technologies have already flowed into the judicial field, for example, crime prediction by artificial intelligence, etc., this review evaluated the novel challenges and problems with which legal psychology and forensic psychology will face in the near future in the areas of forensic evaluation, jury selection, scientific evidence, judicial decision-making, and crime investigation. In addition, as new technology-based crimes and issues of victim protection emerged, potential problems that should be newly addressed in research on criminals and victims were discussed.
Abstract
With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, AI has been introduced in various jobs to replace people. This study viewed AI as an alternative to the current human-led system and examined the effect of Belief in a Just World (BJW) on AI acceptance based on the system justification theory. We expected that participants with stronger BJW would prefer the current human-led system, and those with weaker BJW would be more likely to accept the AI-based system. Study 1 examined the effect of BJW on the perception of job competence by making the participants choose between human and AI. Study 2 examined the effect of BJW on the selection outcome acceptance in a 2 (Human vs. AI) X 2 (accepted vs. rejected) between-subjects design. Results showed that BJW predicted higher competence perception of AI, mediated by higher fairness perception of AI (Study1), and those with weaker BJW showed higher acceptance of selection results based on the AI system in the accepted condition, but not in the rejected condition (Study 2). Based on our findings, we discussed the factors affecting AI acceptance, limitations of the present study, and suggestions for future research.
Abstract
Cognitive science and artificial intelligence have closely interacted with each other as they engaged in the studies of human and machine intelligence respectively. This relationship is likely to change in the near future with the rapid developments of artificial intelligence. This paper reflects on how the nature of the relationship between the two fields might change in the future. The developments of artificial intelligence presents both opportunities and challenges to cognitive science. First, the developments of artificial intelligence can lead to the deepening of our understandings of human intelligence by assisting cognitive science research. In addition, artificial intelligence can assist human intelligence by providing smart tools with which humans can perform with greater accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, artificial intelligence poses challenges to human intelligence as it is likely to change the information environments in which humans operate and alter the cognitive profiles of human intelligence. Active participation from cognitive scientists are needed in understanding and addressing these opportunities and challenges.
Abstract
This study aimed to integrate the findings of qualitative studies pertaining to the grief experiences of suicide survivors using meta-summary techniques. Qualitative meta-summary techniques include: 1) extraction of relevant statements of findings from each research 2) reduction of these statements into abstracted statements, and 3) calculation of frequency effect size. In this study, a total of 13 related studies were analyzed. As a result, a total of 948 statements, and 50 abstracted statements were generated. These statements were categorized into four processes based on Worden's task theory. Discussed were the possible roles of socio-cultural factors in the manifestation of the grief experiences presented by the abstracted statements with high frequency effect size. Based on the findings, practical implications and methods of utilization were proposed.
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop and validate a self-report scale to measure attitudes toward accepting differences in couple relationships. The Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT; Jacobson & Christensen, 1996) was used as a theoretical model in the study. ‘Acceptance for differences’ was defined as an attitude acknowledging inter-partner differences and trying to develop intimacy through those differences without expecting one’s partner to change. Based on primary concepts of IBCT, five factors were constructed for the Acceptance for Differences in Couple Relationships Scale (ADCRS), and 75 preliminary items were developed based on existing measures of acceptance and couple relationships. In Study 1, three hundred and twenty-seven college students and 68 adults completed the 75-item ADCRS. Results showed the ADCRS consists of 22-items and five factors, as follows: (i) Tolerance for Difference (TD), (ii) Perspective taking for Difference (PD), (iii) Respect for Difference (RD), (iv) Growth through Difference (GD), and (v) Distancing for Difference (DD). In Study 2, three hundred and five adults and 136 college students participated to investigate the instrument’s reliability and validity, and relationships between the ADCRS and related scales. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed the five-factor model as the best model fit, and the hierarchical model as reasonable. The ADCRS showed good internal consistency, 2-week test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, the fit of the Bifactor model assuming the general factor and five group factors was good, and it was concluded that it is reasonable to use the total score as a single dimension. The ADCRS showed a significant positive effect on satisfaction in couple relationships, especially for married couples. The limitations and implications of this study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Abstract
Theory of Mentalization, based on developmental observations of the mother-infant relationship, has placed the theory of mind between psychoanalysis and attachment, elaborating on the concept of reality and its therapeutic implications. The reality does not exist ‘out there’ independently; it is a process and product of shared consciousness with mutual gaze, shared intentions, shared feelings, and shared meaning. Therefore, the inquisitive stance toward the representational world, which is opaque and changeable, plays a critical role in empirical and clinical applications of mentalizing. This study, based on an epistemological concept of intentionality, explores the theory of mind of patients with borderline personality and reviews how mentalizing theory develops. It also addresses recent issues regarding the measurement of mentalization and mentalization-based treatment as an evidence-based practice. Lastly, this paper posits that mentalizing as a social cognition or the mind in Korean cultural heritage is the source of social life and knowledge, and explores its clinical applications in Korea.
Abstract
This study examined psychosocial characteristics of homeless people quantitatively and qualitatively who were participating in the Eokkaedongmu Humanities Program cohosted by H University in Gyeonggi Province and Dasiseogi Center of Suwon City. The findings are as follows: 1) depression of homeless people showed significant correlations with anxiety, perceived stress, and self-efficacy, and anxiety had a significant relationship with perceived stress, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with life. A significant relationship was also found between perceived stress and self-efficacy and between satisfaction with life and self-efficacy and satisfaction with life; 2) depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and period on the street had a significant effect on satisfaction with life; 3) major reasons of homelessness included absence of parents, domestic problems, and economic hardship. Depression felt by homeless people was categorized into family relationship, social relationship, and economic hardshipdepending on reasons. They felt a sense of failure and frustration in terms of self-perception, and helplessness and a low self-efficacy regarding their ability. In terms of interpersonal relationship, they had troubles with family members, felt difficulties in adapting to social relations, and evaded intimate relations; 4) they mostly expressed desire for houses, homesickness for hometown, and a sense of isolation in interpersonal relations. This study is meaningful in that the findings not only stress significance of psychosocial factors of homeless people about whom few psychological studies were conducted in Korea but also can contribute to understanding homeless people accurately and developing directions in appropriate intervention in the future.