Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
Vol.32 No.4
Abstract
This research aims at examining the impacts of group therapy using focusing on female college students’ somatization, negative affect and alexithymia. The subjects with the symptom of somatization were gathered from D women’s university located in Seoul, and the experiment was conducted with 8 subjects in the therapy group and 10 in the control group. The group therapy program of focusing approach was performed on the therapy group twice a week, for 120 minutes per session, and for ten sessions in total. As for the tools to measure the effect of the program, the criterion of body symptoms was used to measure somatization, to check negative affect, Form)，PANAS(Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedul), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory, and BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) were applied, and to gauge alexithymia, Korean Alexithymia Scale (factor1, factor3) was applied for the preliminary and post tests. The results show that first, the group therapy using focusing was effective for the decline of female college students' symptom of somatization. Somatization decreased meaningfully in the therapy group compared to the control group, and the therapy was efficacious particularly for the reduction of the symptoms of headache and digestive troubles. Second, focusing-applied group therapy worked to decrease female college students' negative affect. They fell meaningfully in the therapy group in comparison to the control group. In addition, the result of the experiment on the effect on the decline of depression and anxiety among negative Affect proved that the group therapy using focusing had an effect on the reduction of depression and anxiety because the score of the therapy group in relation to depression and anxiety fell in a meaningful way. Third, the group therapy to which focusing was applied was proved to be successful for the decline of female college students' alexithymia. It dropped meaningfully in the therapy group, when compared to the control group. Through these research results, it has been proved that the group therapy using focusing was effective for the decrease of female college students' somatization, negative affect and alexithymia.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop the Adolescents Strengths Assessment Inventory(ASAI) in Korea and to validate the scale. First, preliminary 256 items with 27 factors were obtained based on a number of ways. These items were administered to 810 adolescents. Based on the preliminary study, 188 items with 27 factors were obtained. These items were administered to 928 adolescents. The total group was divided into two sub-groups in order to check cross-validity of the scale. The results of factor analyses showed that the 20 factor model with 107 items were satisfactory. The reliabilities of 20 factors were also satisfactory. These strengths factors were significantly related to criteria such as life satisfaction as well as grade, confirming criterion-related validity of the scale. The limitations and implications of the study were discussed.
Abstract
Pupillary dilation has been used for understanding the process of psychological activity by several researchers. The present study was aimed to find difference in pupillary dilation according to emotional valence of visual stimuli and to reveal relationship between emotional intensity and pupillary dilation. 102 subjects’(28 males, 74 females) pupil responses were measured while presenting 10 negative, 10 neutral and 10 positive pictures. The subjects also rated their subjective emotional intensity that they experienced while they were exposed to the stimuli. Our results showed that the amount of pupillary dilation was significantly different according to the valence of emotional stimuli. We found significant difference in pupillary dilation between neutral stimuli and stimuli with emotional valence(negative/positive). But there was no significant difference between positive and negative stimuli. Most importantly, there was significant positive relation between emotional intensity(objective/subjective) and pupillary dilation. These results suggests that pupillary dilation may indicate the level of emotional arousal that a subject experiences.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigative the effects of covert narcissism on anger expression (anger-out, anger-in, anger-control) and interpersonal problems. Participants in this study was 321 male college students in Ulsan metro city. The results of this study were as following: First, covert narcissism have a positive correlation with anger-out, anger-in and interpersonal problems. And covert narcissism have a negative correlation with anger-control. Anger-out and anger-in have a positive correlation with interpersonal problems. And anger-control have a negative correlation with interpersonal problems. Secondly, anger expressions(anger-out, anger-in, anger-control) mediates the relationship between covert narcissism and interpersonal problems. Additionally, covert narcissism exerts a direct effect on interpersonal problems. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to predict and explain others’ behavior based on the mental representations of their intentions, desire and knowledge. ToM measures have been introduced, however, some concerns such as high dependence on verbal memory or external cues have been raised. Social Attribution Test-Multiple Choice (SAT-MC, Bell et al., 2010) is known to be less reliant on verbal ability or external cues as the SAT-MC assesses participants’ ability to detect and understand the intent of the movement. In the current study, we aimed to translate the SAT-MC into Korean and to evaluate its feasibility and preliminary validity in a Korean sample of college students. The results showed that 98% of participants made immediate social attributions to the animations of two triangles and a circle, even without external cues. The SAT-MC appeared to have a singe factor structure and acceptable internal consistency, as reported in Western samples. The SAT-MC scores had significant positive correlations with those on other ToM measures but non-significant correlations with those on facial affect perception tasks. It is concluded that the SAT-MC would be feasibly applicable to measure ToM of Korean samples. Thus, in future studies, it should be examined whether the SAT-MC measures ToM with good reliability and validity in specific samples with various clinical conditions such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
Abstract
The current study examines hope as a mediator between adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and resilience. For the study, 130 inmates in a detention center in Korea completed measures of adult attachment, hope and resilience. Pearson correlations were examined among the study variables. Hope was entered as the mediator in the model using SEM(structural equation modeling) and model fit indices were verified. Bootstrapping Analyses were used to prove the significance of the indirect effect. The relationship between anxious attachment and avoidant attachment were not significant, but both were inversely related with hope and resilience. Hope was negatively correlated to adult attachment dimensions but was positively correlated with resilience. Results indicated that hope fully mediated the link between anxious attachment and resilience as well as the link between avoidant attachment and resilience. This study calls for the focus on hope to facilitate resilience. Policy adjustments for the correctional institutions and prison officers are discussed. Suggestions for future research and practice are discussed with the limitation of this study (167 words).
Abstract
This research assumes autonomy and mindfulness as major variables for enhancing autonomous motivation to regulate games among adolescents, and verifies their relationship through survey research and experimental research. Study 1 aims at exploring whether the relationships among experience of autonomy, motivation for game regulations, problematic game use and mindfulness, which are proposed in this Study, can be practically applied through survey research. In the former part of Study 1, a model for the impact of autonomy experience on problematic game use with a mediation of motivation for game regulations was verified through structural equation model analysis. According to the results of survey research with 681 adolescents, in a model of predicting problematic game use, mediating effects of all paths and autonomous motivation were significant. All these findings showed that experience of autonomy improves autonomous motivation for regulating games, and reduces problematic game use significantly. In the latter part of Study 1, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify whether mindfulness increases autonomous motivation to regulate games by regulating autonomy experience. The results showed a significant interaction effect between autonomy and mindfulness. In other words, high mindfulness enhances autonomous motivation to regulate games by increasing the effect of autonomy experience. In Study 2, through the experiment on the relationship between variables that were confirmed in Study 1, proofs for causality were added. A research was carried out for adolescents with problematic game use to examine whether these variables can be practically applied to the prevention and therapy in the future for the purpose of enhancing motivation to regulate games. The impact of autonomy and mindfulness experience on autonomous motivation for game regulations, interest and value evaluation were investigated. For 44 adolescents who took part in a group program for improving game addiction, major effects of autonomy and mindfulness and the interaction effects between autonomy and mindfulness were investigated. According to results of the study, the interaction effect between autonomy and mindfulness experience on autonomous motivation was significant. In the case of high level of mindfulness experience, the higher the autonomy experience was, the higher was the autonomous motivation to regulate games. The detailed results were discussed in relation to previous studies and clinical interventions.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of protective behavioral strategies(PBS) as a preventive intervention of drinking problem among the college students. Especially, this study focused on testing the mediating effect of PBS in the relationship between the alcohol use and the drinking motives, which are known to be strong predictors of the drinking behavior. And the gender difference in the mediating effect of PBS and latent means of three variables were explored. The participants of this study included 488 undergraduate students (294 males, 194 females) in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongnam. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating effect of PBS, and multi-group analysis and latent means analysis were conducted. The results from multi-group analysis indicated that protective behavioral strategies were shown to partially mediate the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol use. According to latent means analysis, more female university students used the protective behavioral strategy than male students and male university students showed higher alcohol use. Findings of this study showed that college students' drinking behavior could be reduced by using of the protective behavioral strategy. Hence, we suggest the needs of counseling program using PBS in order to reduce the high-risk drinking and to prevent the alcohol-related problems among the college students.
Abstract
This research was conducted to observe the traits of the aviation professors that the intro level students desire and also the students’ efforts to communicate with the professors as the interaction between the student and the professor is important in the aviation training due to the training’s characteristics. In order to conduct the research, 91 intro-level student pilots were analyzed to find out the desired and undesired traits of the aviation professors from the students, and the level of effort the students put in to communicate with the professors. According to the observation, the desired traits include acceptive teaching style and confidence while the undesired traits include negative emotions and lack of communication. The efforts students made to communicate with the professors were creating opportunities to communicate, thorough preparation for the flight, and better interpersonal relations, but the analysis found out that there was no evidence that these efforts have a cause and effect relationship with the aviation performance. In conclusion, this research found out that despite the efforts student pilots make to communicate with the aviation professors, these efforts turned out to have no effect and therefore the aviation aptitude henceforth calls for an urgent investigation.
Abstract
This study is to identify the risk factor and protective factors' relative influence upon counselors' burnout and the pathway. In this study, the relationship which six protective factors(self-esteem, self-efficacy, active stress coping strategy, mindfulness, empathy) have with risk factor(job circumstance) and burnout, the degree of influence each factors has on burnout, and the most suitable path model were identified. The result shows that risk factor had positive corelation with burnout and protective factors had negative corelation with burnout. The order of power influence was in order of job circumstance, mindfulness and searching for meaning in life. Also, as the pathway model, risk factor→individual internal personality factors→ individual internal non-personality factors→resilient factor(burnout), was selected for the final model. Finally, implications and limits of this study were discussed for further research.
Abstract
In this study, we sorted adolescent internet addiction groups through the interview of psychiatrist and Young's Internet Addiction Test on the patient groups that visited psychiatry. After validating the comorbidity of sorted group by MINI and assorting the groups by comorbidity, we assessed the psychological characters of each clinical group by self-report, such as internet addiction level, depression, and Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activating System(BIS/BAS). In the result of this study, adolescent patients selected for the group of internet addiction were classified in three groups : Pure Internet addiction group, the group with coexistence of internet addiction & ADHD, and the group with coexistence of internet addiction & depression. After validating of particular characteristic of each group, we found that the group having coexistence of internet addiction & ADHD significantly showed higher addiction level than other groups. In the result of BDI, except for the group of coexistence of internet addiction & depression, other groups did not show the significant depression level. In the result of BIA/BAS, we found that, pure internet addiction group significantly showed higher Reward Responsiveness level than other groups. In addition, the motive level to keep pursuing a goal was shown higher in internet addiction & ADHD coexistence group. In conclusion, the comorbidity can easily be found in clinical group of internet addiction, and we found the significance of the fact that patients showed different psychological characteristics depending on the kind of mental disorder coexisting with internet addiction.
Abstract
The present study examined the mediation effects of ego-resiliency on the link between dispositional gratitude and well-being and depression with data from 271 participants. Structural equation modeling was used to compare models of full and partial mediation models. Both analysis supported partial mediation models whereby the ego-resiliency partially mediated the link between dispositional gratitude and well-being and between dispositional gratitude and depression. Overall, dispositional gratitude seems to foster well-being and protect people from depression by fostering ego-resiliency. Finally, the implications of the current findings for counseling practice and suggestions for future study were discussed.
Abstract
Two models, MACS and MIMIC, can be used to detect Differential Item Functioning(DIF) in a Structural Equation Modeling framework. Although these two models can be considered as special cases of general Structural Equation Models, they may perform differently in various research contexts due to differences in statistical assumptions and the way in which each model uses data. In particular, since MIMIC model requires some additional assumptions, its performance may decline when those assumptions are not satisfied. Furthermore, the performance of MIMIC model will be superior to that of MACS model when sample sizes vary among groups because the former uses a single dataset including group variable(s), unlike the latter. Although many articles have commented on these predictions, no systematic research comparing the performance of the two models under these circumstances had yet to be conducted. Thus, we investigated the differences in performance of these two models under various conditions, specifically the size of impact, differences in measurement variable reliability, sample size ratio, total sample size, the size of differential item functioning, and the strategy for detecting DIF through a Monte Carlo simulation study. We found that the performance of MIMIC model in detecting uniform DIF did not decline significantly, although one of its additional assumptions was violated. Moreover, MIMIC model was superior to MACS model when sample sizes differed between two groups. Finally, we emphasize the importance of employing appropriate strategies for effective use of the two models to detect uniform DIF.