Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
Vol.32 No.1
Abstract
This study examined individual differences in stress coping patterns composed by basic coping dimensions: Problem-solving action and thought(P), Cognitive reappraisal and acceptance(C), Seeking social support and emotion expression(S), and Avoidance(A), and implication in psychological adjustment. The combination of the four coping variables drawn from 310 college students formed four clusters. The ‘Approaching-problem solving’ group with high P and C, ‘Approaching-seeking support’ group with high S and P, ‘Avoidance coping’ group with salient A and below average P, and ‘Passive coping’ group with below average coping profile in all dimensions. Group difference in Stress level was not significant, and Approaching-problem solving group perceived higher control on stress situation compared to Avoidance coping group. In comparison, Approaching-problem solving group was most adaptive and Avoidance coping group was least adaptive in all psychological health index. Approaching-seeking support group show high subjective wellbeing and self esteem, and Passive coping group show low subjective wellbeing and self esteem. Combined use of problem focused coping strategies and emotion focused coping strategies, interaction of problem focused coping and cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, synchronous use of social support, and implication of Passive coping group was discussed.
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the intergenerational transmission of self-differentiation from mother to her university daughter, and the effects of self-differentiation, intergenerational family relationship on the self-esteem and subjective well-being in female university students. The data were collected from 132 female university students and their mothers. The results were as follow; 1) The correlation analysis showed statistically significant positive correlation between mothers’ self-differentiation total and daughters’ self-differentiation total. In addition, we found that daughters’ self-esteem and subjective well-being showed meaningful correlation with their self-differentiation total and intergenerational family relationship total. 2) Mothers’ self-differentiation influenced daughters’ self-differentiation. 3) Stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that intergenerational intimacy, the ability to take I position, emotional cutoff, and intergenerational triangulation exhibited a significantly contribution to self-esteem in order. Further, intergenerational intimacy, intergenerational fusion-individuation, and the ability to take I position exhibited a significantly contribution to subjective well-being in order. Finally, the study’s limits and further discussion were suggested.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of forgiveness in the relationship between non-adoptive cognitive emotion regulation and physical symptom. The participants of this study are university students and common people in Gyeongnam and Busan (average age 22.38, males 249, females 191). Regarding the method of research, this study used the questionnaire for measurement of those facts, other forgiveness, cognitive emotion regulation, and physical symptom. The study analyzed whether forgiveness have mediation effect or not when four non-adoptive cognitive regulation strategies that consist of ‘self blame’, ‘other blame’, ‘rumination’ and ‘catastrophizing’ affect the physical symptom through SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The result of research has shown that ‘other blame’ and ‘catastrophizing’ affect significantly on physical symptom and rest strategies, and that forgiveness also has effect on physical symptom. Moreover, other blame and catastrophizing have indirect effect on the process with forgiveness, so the study proves that there is mediation effect related with 2 variations. With this, it is proved that partial mediation model is more proper thing from the result of comparison between partial mediation model and full mediation model. This result indicates that there is direct effect to increase physical symptoms when 2 non-adoptive emotion regulation strategies, other blame and catastrophizing, use the case but those 2 rest other strategies, forgiveness affect indirectly in physical symptom. Lastly, it also discusses about the limitation of this study and the future work.
Abstract
The aims of the present investigation were to develop a self-report measure assessing discrete emotions based on Korean emotion words and to examine its reliability and validity. In a preliminary study, 153 undergraduate students evaluated 834 emotion terms collected by Han and Kang(2000) in order to determine the degree of appropriateness to be used as emotion terms. A final list of 146 emotion terms to be used in study 1 was selected based on the following two criteria: the appropriateness as emotion terms determined by the preliminary study and the frequency in which we experience these emotions in our daily lives as reported in Han and Kang(2000). In study 1, an emotion card sorting task was administered to 10 graduate students who were blind to the purpose of the study. Principle components analyses with varimax rotation yielded 11 factors, from which 3 factors (i.e., love, compassion, and interpersonal stability/intimacy) were eliminated. From the final 8 factors (i.e., enjoyment, contempt/disgust, sadness, guilt/hostility, fear, shame/shyness, feeling of achievement, anger), 35 representative emotion terms were selected to form our Discrete Emotions Scale(DES). In study 2, 345 undergraduate students and community adults completed the Discrete Emotions Scale(DES), Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS), Differential Emotions Scale-Ⅳ(DES-Ⅳ), Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90), and Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being Scale(COMOSWB). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the 7 factor structure of guilt/hostility, enjoyment, anger/contempt/disgust, fear, feeling of achievement, shame/shyness, and sadness. Our Discrete Emotions Scale(DES) showed adequate reliability and validity. In conclusion, the Discrete Emotions Scale(DES) has a potential to be used as a valid measure of seven discrete emotion factors in Korea.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating effect of fear of intimacy between attachment with parents and addictive use of the internet. 300 undergraduate students in metropolitan area were surveyed and data from 254 students analyzed. Results indicated that fear of intimacy has the more significant relationship with addictive use of the internet than attachment with parents. Especially there is the most significant relationship between addictive use of the internet and the past interpersonal pattern. And unlike attachment with mother, there is no significant relationship between addictive use of the internet and attachment with father. Finding in structual equation modeling indicated that fear of intimacy fully mediated the relation of attachment with parents and addictive use of the internet only in the female student group. The result implicated that it is necessary to evaluate and intervene against fear of intimacy in prevention and treatment of addictive use of the internet. Finally, the implication and limitation of this study were discussed.
Abstract
With the findings that meaning of life is an important variable that contributes to well-being, several studies have attempted to understand the process of finding meaning. Despite the previous efforts to identify the search for meaning and to examine the relationships between search of meaning and presence of meaning, the results had shown inconsistency and had not provided an integrated explanation. To examine the features of search for meaning and to reappraise the relationships between presence and search for meaning, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted. Also, the roles of search for meaning and positive affect that are predicted to as promote presence of meaning were investigated. Search for meaning and presence of meaning, positive and negative affect, life satisfaction and stress were assessed with 285(cross-sectional) and 164(longitudinal) college students, respectively. Using correlational analysis, multi-variate analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression, the patterns of variables was confirmed. The results of the two studies revealed that search for meaning was positively associated with presence of meaning, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Also, the results have revealed that presence of meaning is higher with a higher level of search for meaning. Findings suggest that the search for meaning itself is not dysfunctional and can lead to its presence. Specifically, the results suggested that search for meaning and positive affect enhance presence of meaning. It means that search for meaning and positive affect are both significant factors in process of finding meaning. Finally, implications for clinical practice and limitations of the results are discussed.
Abstract
Recent cross-cultural research on social support demonstrated that people from individualistic cultural contexts (e.g., European Americans) are more willing than people from collectivistic cultural contexts (e.g., Asians, Asian Americans) to use social support for coping with stressful events. However, within-culture studies conducted in Korea revealed that individuals with a collectivistic self-orientation are more likely to seek social support, compared to those with an individualistic self-orientation. The present study explored whether and how the pursuit and provision of social support in Korean college students would vary as a function of individuals’ cultural self-orientation. It was found in Study 1 that individuals with a stronger collectivistic self-orientation, as compared with those with a weaker collectivistic self-orientation, were more likely to seek social support and to consider the pursuit social support (vs. exerting personal effort) a more effective means for coping with stress. Moreover, Study 2 showed that the more collectivistic, the more balanced individuals became in the pursuit and provision of social support. Directions for future research on culture and social support are discussed.
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a self-report questionnaire (Autobiographical Trauma Memory Questionnaire (ATMQ)) for assessing characteristics of autobiographical trauma memory which is related with posttraumatic psychological symptoms, and to examine its validity and reliability. Following the literature reviews on posttraumatic psychological symptoms related with characteristics of autobiographical trauma memory, we generated 3 dimensions (e.g. disorganization, sensory motor experiences, and involuntary recall) and 18 items which were verified by a group of specialists. We conducted preliminary study of analyzing the items and conducting exploratory factor analysis of 230 undergraduate students who had experienced a traumatic experience. The results of item analysis and exploratory factor analysis suggested 13 items under three factors. Then we conducted the confirmatory factor analysis and calculated reliability of the ATMQ in 278 undergraduate students who had experienced a traumatic experience. Confirmatory factor analysis result supported the three factor structure of the ATMQ. The evidence of convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity of the ATMQ was obtained. The sub-scales of the ATMQ showed high internal consistency and good for test-retest reliability. Results are discussed in suggestion of using the ATMQ, and the restriction of this study was presented.
Abstract
This study researched associations among positive illusions, defense mechanisms, and stress coping style in order to investigate personal characteristic required to effectively deal with stress. For this study, 410 university students consist of 172 male and 238 female in Seoul were recruited. The results of this study were as follows; First of all, there were statistically significant correlations between positive illusions and stress coping styles. Moreover, positive illusions had significant effects on active coping style, but no significant effects on passive coping style. Second, there were statistically significant correlations between defense mechanisms and stress coping styles. Also, defense mechanisms had respectively significant effects on active coping style and passive coping style. Finally, the results suggested that the adaptive type of defense mechanisms partially plays a mediator role in the effects of positive illusions on active coping style. Therefore, theoretical implications for counseling or education as well as suggestions of this study were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the emotional clarity and mental health (depression, anxiety, and somatization) in adolescents, and the mediating role of the emotion regulation deficits(impulse control difficulties, non-acceptance of emotions, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies) in the relationship between emotional clarity and mental health. A total of 547 middle school students in Daegu participated in the study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing emotional clarity(Trait Meta-Mood Scale), emotion regulation deficits(Korean Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale), and mental health problems(Symptom Checklist-90-Revision). Major findings of the study were the following. First of all, the emotional clarity was negatively correlated with adolescent's mental health problems and emotion regulation deficits. Emotion regulation deficits had a significant positive association with adolescent's mental health problems. Lastly, results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses examining the mediating role of emotion regulation deficits in the relationship between emotional clarity and mental health problems indicated that it played a role as a partially mediating factor in this relationship. Current findings suggest that emotional clarity and emotion regulation deficits might be important factors to consider in the evaluation and treatment of mental health problems in adolescent population.
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to propose several issues of spirituality for the clinicians who try to apply spiritual elements in the mental health field. At first, spirituality was compared with religiousness and the concept of spirituality and its components were illuminated. Next, the main scales of spirituality were introduced and the considerations with regard to measuring spirituality were addressed. Then, two main mental health models(Medical/Disease Model, Positive Mental Heath Model) were explained and studies on the relationship between mental health and spirituality were addressed. Based on these respects, a few considerations about spirituality which should be pay attention in the mental health field were proposed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore mediating effects of preschooler's effortful control on relationship between maternal parenting and children's psychological adjustment. One hundred-ninety four preschoolers( 94boys, 100girls, aged 5~6) and their mothers participated in this study. Preschooler’s effortful control was assessed by Children's Behavior Questionnaire(CBQ), maternal parenting was assessed by Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, and children's psychological adjustment was assessed by Korean Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL). T-test was used to study developmental aspects of child effortful control depending on age and sex. In addition, multiple regression analysis and sobel test were used to analyze the mediating effects of preschooler's effortful control on the relationship between maternal parenting and children's psychological adjustment. The major results of this study were as follows; First, there was no significant difference in preschooler's effortful control of the children depending on the age. However, it was found that preschooler's effortful control of the female children was more developed than that of the male children. Second, in the matter of relationship between maternal parenting and preschooler's externalizing adjustment problem, preschooler's effortful control has mediating effects only in conditions of maternal parenting of affection and maternal parenting of reception, whereas preschooler's effortful control has mediating effects in all kinds of maternal parenting in the matter of the relationship between maternal parenting and preschooler's internalizing adjustment problem.
Abstract
Evidence-based practice in psychology(EBPP) is defined as a “decision-making process of a therapist combining his/her clinical expertise and psychotherapy with best research evidence while keeping the client's needs, value and preference in mind”(APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, 2006). This movement was suggested to increase the provision of effective psychological treatments and improve the quality of public health through an integrative approach covering key service dimensions such as psychometric evaluation, case formulation, and working alliance(APA, 2006). Following the paradigm of empirically supported treatments, there were criticisms and opinions calling for various important factors other than efficacy. As a result, a more integrative paradigm of evidence-based practice was introduced and now actively implemented in many countries including the U.S. and the U.K. This review article aimed to promote understanding on evidence-based practice and facilitate evidence-based practice in Korea by (1) introducing the widely accepted definition and components of evidence-based practice, (2) providing answers to common misconceptions about evidence-based practice, and (3) making suggestions to implement evidence-based practices in Korea.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a convenient and psychometrically-sound measure of life domains that are important for Koreans in appraising self-esteem. For this purpose, Domains of Self-esteem Appraisal Scale of Korean(DoSEAS-K) was developed and validated across three studies. DoSEAS-K is composed of 29 items and includes four domains, (a) Social/Objective Ability, (b) Positive Character, (c) Interpersonal Relationship, and (d) Family. Social/Objective Ability domain tapped into areas concerning academic ability, career or occupation, economic status etc. Positive Character domain included items relating to intrapersonal frame of reference(e.g., effort, diligence, values, ethics). Interpersonal Relationship domain involved areas of friendship and relationship in community. Family domain included items with regards to family care and family atmosphere. DoSEAS-K showed appropriate levels of convergent and discriminant validity estimates and sound reliability estimates (both internal consistency and test-retest with a 4-week interval). This study ended with implications and limitations of this scale.
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive meta-model of conceptual combination by analyzing nine representative models of conceptual combination along the following three dimensions: types of representation, types of information, and types of processing. The analysis identified two types of processing into which the nine models can be summarized: Relation-based processing and dimension-based processing. Based on this analysis, we proposed a 3-stage model of conceptual combination as a meta-model. The model consists of two dimensions: Levels of processing and diversity of conceptual knowledge. The first dimension, ‘levels of processing’ corresponds to the levels of elaboration or automaticity, and consists of 3 qualitatively distinctive stages. Completion of processing can be occur in any stage of the model. The second dimension, ‘diversity of conceptual knowledge’ corresponds to the types of information actually involved in the processing of conceptual combination. Not only relational information and dimensional information but any types of information that the human memory systems retain and use can be involved in the processing of conceptual combination. Implications and further research directions were discussed.