5papers in this issue.
This research aimed to conceptualize and examine the factors of resilience for individual and community mental health recovery in disaster situations. Although the concept of disaster resilience has received increasing attention from various academic disciplines over the past three decades, it still lacks a unified definition and understanding of the factors that influence it. To address this, we conducted a review and discussion of various approaches and theories dealing with the resilience in disaster contexts in order to establish the foundation for an integrated conceptualization of disaster resilience for the future research. The resilience factors were also comprehensively introduced at both the individual and community levels. For individual resilience, factors such as social networks, self-management and regulation, coping efficacy and flexibility, and positive emotions were presented. The community resilience factors encompassed social capital, such as communication systems, trust, shared norms, and socio-cultural identity.
This study investigated the mechanism by which individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety maintain pessimistic beliefs despite repeatedly experiencing new positive experiences that contradict their beliefs. A total of 101 college students completed a belief updating task and self-reported questionnaires to measure their levels of generalized and trait anxieties. In the belief updating task, they predicted the probability of positive or negative daily events occurring to themselves or the average population in one month. Afterward, they were presented with manipulated actual average probabilities (better or worse than expected) by adding or subtracting random values from their predicted average probabilities. After receiving this information, the participants predicted the probability of the same events occurring to themselves again. The difference between the predicted probability of the events occurring to oneself and the average population was calculated, and the correlation between this difference and the symptoms of generalized and trait anxieties was assessed. The results showed that generalized anxiety symptoms were associated with pessimistic predictions of negative events, whereas trait anxiety was associated with pessimistic predictions of both positive and negative events. Additionally, the difference between the first and second responses of the probability of everyday events occurring to oneself was calculated as the updated score. The study then examined the relationship between this updated score and the symptoms of generalized anxiety. A significant negative relationship was found between general anxiety symptoms and the updated score of the good news of a positive event. This relationship remained significant even after controlling for trait anxiety. These results suggest that individuals with higher levels of general anxiety are less likely to incorporate the information that positive daily events are more likely to occur than expected into their belief system.
Physical activity mHealth apps use a variety of behavioral promotion techniques to increase walking and standing behaviors. Financial rewards and push notifications are the most frequently used techniques in commercialized apps. And they are usually used in combination. However, there are few studies on their combination, and mixed results on the effectiveness of individual techniques. In this study, we examined their interaction and individual effectiveness to determine whether rewards and push notifications are effective in promoting walking and standing behaviors. To do so, 114 college students were randomly assigned to four groups with and without rewards and push notifications. Walking and standing behaviors were measured during a 7-day baseline period, followed by a 21-day intervention in each group. The results showed that the reward group showed significant increase in walking and standing behavior compared to the non-reward group. In terms of intervention satisfaction and usefulness, the rewarded group had higher intervention usefulness, goal satisfaction, and goal usefulness scores than the unrewarded group, but there was no difference in the presence of push notifications. Based on these results, the significance and limitations of the study are discussed.
This study aimed to validate the Morbid Curiosity Scale (MCS) developed by Scrivner (2021) and confirm its psychometric properties. For this purpose, the research assessed the quality of the items and conducted exploratory factor analysis data from 145 adults (94 males, 51 females) in their 20s and 60s nationwide, and found that a five-factor structure consisting of 19 items was more appropriate than the original scale consisting of 24 items with four factors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the scale were analyzed in 250 adults (125 men and 125 women) in their 20s to 60s nationwide. First, CFA of construct validity showed that the Korean version of the K-MCS has an appropriate five-factor structure, i.e., a total of 19 items were explained by five factors: “minds of dangerous people,” “paranormal danger,” “body violation,” “interpersonal violence,” and “exorcism.” The paper also examined the convergent and discriminant validity of the Korean version of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory, the Korean Disgust Scale Revised, the Korean Short Form Dark-4, the Korean Templer Death Anxiety Scale, the Korean Affective Lability Scale-Short Form, the Korean Patient Heath Questionnaire-9, the Korean Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Korean Perceived Stress Scale. We also examined the internal consistency of the K-MCS and found it to be adequate. Finally, the applications of the scale, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
This study aimed to validate the Grief-Related Avoidance Questionnaire(GRAQ) developed by Shear et al(2007) according to domestic situations. The final items for the K-GRAQ were constructed with consent and review from the original authors. Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the scale were tested on 483 adults aged between 19 and 60 who had experienced bereavement in intimate relationships between 6 months and 20 years of the loss. The reliability of the K-GRAQ was deemed satisfactory, as evidenced by its internal consistency, total-item correlations, and test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (n=241) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=242) were conducted to confirm the factor structure of the K-GRAQ. While exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution, the fit indices favored the three-factor model proposed by the original authors. Additionally, convergent validity was confirmed through correlation analysis between the K-GRAQ and the symptoms of complicated grief, depression, and anxiety. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.