The advent of positive psychology and acceptance of mindfulness into the main stream of psychology are outstanding changes in psychological society. The present paper suggests to build integrative program of mindfulness and positive psychology interventions. Positive psychology is a psychology of happiness and growth. It has many good intervention strategies to enhance happiness and facilitate growth. However, without the acceptance of human negativity or sufferings, positivity or happiness cannot be complete and can cause some side-effects. In this regard mindfulness can complement positive psychology. Mindfulness is a special kind of attention, i.e. bare attention, which is devoid of the activation of any motivation and cognition except keeping the object of attention in mind. Mindfulness improves the skill and power of acceptance, which can be an antidote to too much preoccupation with positivity. Practicing mindfulness will also benefit by positive psychology interventions, which will be helpful preventing mindfulness practice from vegetative mindfulness. They are complementary to each other for well-being enhancement.
The purpose of this study was to examine 1) an effectiveness of a multidisciplinary camp program for overweight children, 2) maintenance of the effectiveness after the program, 3)changes in parent-reported child eating self-efficacy and eating habit, and 4) the association between changes in eating self-efficacy and eating habit and changes in child BMI. Total of 32 children (BMI 26.09±3.33kg/m2), aged 9 to 12 participated in the camp program and follow-up meeting. The camp program consisted of physical activities, dietary restriction and behavior modification for a week. After the program, children were instructed to continue physical activities and diet using self-management skills learned from the behavior modification in the program. After the program, BMI of children significantly decreased, and child-reported eating self-efficacy and eating habit scores significantly increased. It was shown that although the improvement in eating self-efficacy was not maintained at the one-month follow-up period,the improvements in BMI and eating habit were maintained. Parent-reported child eating self-efficacy and eating habit scores significantly increased at the follow-up. Finally, increase in child-reported eating self-efficacy and eating habit scores significantly predicted the decrease in BMI. Implications and limitations were also discussed.
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Stress Management Program on stress,coping style, emotional eating, and binge eating behavior in college students with symptoms of binge. The data were collected from 600 college students using Binge Eating Scale,Emotional Eating Scale, Stress Scale, and Stress Coping Style Checklist. Participants who scored 18 or more of Binge Eating Scale were interviewed and were 9 participants randomly assigned to Stress Management Program group and 9 participants to waiting list control group. After 8 Stress Management Program sessions, depressive eating, and bge eating of treatment group were more significantly decreased than those of the waiting list control group. Emotion-alleviative coping style of treatment group were more significantly decreased than that of the waiting list control group and problem-focused coping style were more significantly increased. Stress level, emotion-alleviative coping style, depressive eating, anxiety eating, and binge eating of treatment group were more significantly decreased than those of the waiting list control group at 8 week later follow-up test. Finally, the meanings and the limitations of the study, and the suggestion for the future study were discussed.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of cognitive and affective mindfulness on the stress coping and subjective well-being of adolescents. The hypothetical model where adaptive stress coping(measured by Multidimensional Coping Scale) mediates the relation between mindfulness(measured by K-CAMS-R) and subjective well-being(positive emotion and life satisfaction) was tested for 210 adolescents using structure equation modeling. It was found that cognitive and affective mindfulness affected the subjective well-being through the adaptive coping which involves emotional pacification, positive interpretation, and active coping. The hypothetical model of this study was thereby accepted. In this study, the mediating effect of adaptive coping was confirmed in the process where mindfulness affects the subjective well-being. Additionally, the relations among the adaptive coping strategies were specified. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
This study was intended to examine the relationship between personality and coping strategies, and the influence of these personality and coping strategies on emotional exhaustion. Personality as antecedent was composed of extraversion and neuroticism, coping strategies as mediator were job-focused and emotion-focused coping strategy, and emotional exhaustion as outcome was sub-factor of burnout. The main results were as follows. First,job-focused coping strategy mediated between extraversion and emotional exhaustion and between neuroticism and emotional exhaustion. Second, emotion-focused coping strategy mediated between neuroticism and emotional exhaustion. We found the influence of neuroticism was stronger than extraversion on emotional exhaustion, and emotion-focused coping was stronger than job-focused coping on emotional exhaustion. This finding supported Bolger and Zuckerman's framework(1995) that personality and coping may influence on stress. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.
To clarify the relationship between individual differences in Ambivalence over Emotional Expression (AE) and autonomic responses in stressful conditions, we used heart rate variability analysis. The participants included 30 normal college students (16 male, 14 female;mean age of 22.9 years) divided into the high and low AE groups based on their AE scores 1standard deviation apart from the mean. The continuous interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on heart rate under the weak stressor condition (participating in an experiment test) and the strong stressor condition (getting negative performance feedback)was measured to test group differences. Only high AE group showed increased sympathetic activity (LF) under the weak stressor condition, while both groups showed dominant sympathetic influence under the strong stressor condition without a significant group difference. Within subject test result showed a significant interaction effect between the group variable and LF changes. The result indicates that the low AE people showed flexible responses only to an clear stressor that may threat one's self-concept. On the other hand, the high AE people sensitively reacts with increased sympathetic activity not only to the strong stressors but also to the weak stressor, an evaluative situation where the others did not take it as a stressor.
This study is to examine the effects of emotion regulation strategies in facial expressions and emotional experiences, based on the facial expressions of groups, using antecedent- and response- focused regulation. 50 female undergraduate students were instructed to use different emotion regulation strategies during the viewing of a disgust inducing film. While watching, their facial expressions and emotional experiences were measured. As a result,participants showed the highest frequency of action units related to disgust in the EG(expression group), and they reported in the following order of DG(expressive dissonance group), CG(cognitive reappraisal group), and SG(expressive suppression group). Also, the upper region of the face reflected real emotions. In this region, the frequency of action units related to disgust were lower in the CG than in the EG or DG. The results of the PANAS indicated the largest decrease of positive emotions reported in the DG, but an increase of positive emotions reported in the CG. This study suggests that cognitive reappraisal to an event is a more functional emotion regulation strategy compared to other strategies related to facial expression and emotional experience that affect emotion regulation strategies.
The Happiness Enhancement Program was composed with self and other understanding,empathy, and communication skills. This study aims to examine the influence of Happiness Enhancement Program on subjective-well being and investigate the repeated measure mediated effects of hardiness and Optimism on subjective-well being of college Students. Results indicated that Happiness Enhancement Program directly increase subjective-well being on high/low stressful condition. It was found that hardiness maintain a role of mediating effect and Optimism are not mediated during therapeutic process. It was assumed that Optimism is not dispositional trait, but explanatory style as cognitive variable. And the limitations of session period, validation of hassle and control for stressors were discussed.
This research have studied the effects of the married women's parental separationindividuation,autonomy and intimacy on happiness and anxiety. The subjects are a total of 122 female who have been married, living in Gwangju. The questionnaire, including separation-individuation, autonomy, parental intimacy, happiness, and anxiety scales, are distributed to collect the data. The main results are as follows. First, separation-individuation had significant correlations with autonomy, intimacy, happiness and anxiety. Second, mother's separation-individuation had significant effect on autonomy, intimacy and anxiety, and father's separation-individuation had the largest effect on happiness. Especially, multiple regression analyses revealed that separation-individuation, autonomy and intimacy predicted happiness,the interaction effects between separation-individuation and intimacy was significant. Furthermore, separation-individuation and autonomy predicted anxiety. The interaction effects between the variables were not significant. The implications and limitations of this research were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of passion on game addiction and the mediating effect of hostility and social skills on the relationship among game addiction,interpersonal relationship and social anxiety. The data was drawn from 930 male adolescents in 9 middle schools located in Changwon, Masan and Tongyoung, Gyeongsangnamdo. Structural equation analysis was performed in order to specify the relationship between the constructs and the measures employed. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the passion of the adolescents toward online games, obsessive passion had a greater impact than harmonious passion on online game addiction. Second, the game addiction of the teens exerted a positive influence on their social anxiety. Third, hostility had played a mediating role between the online game addiction and the social anxiety and the interpersonal relationship of the teens. Fourth, social skills had played a mediating role between the online game addiction and the social anxiety and the interpersonal relationship. In sum, the obsessive passion of the teens for games was a significant predictor of game addiction, and indirectly affected social anxiety and interpersonal relationship through the hostility and the social skills.
To develop a Social Instrumentality of Appearance Scale(BVI-SI-A), two studies were performed. Social instrumentality of appearance, as a kind of body-related values, was defined as "personal beliefs of utility of body appearance in social settings such as interpersonal relationship, sexual partnership, and social achievement". In study 1, 333 of college students were responded to 55 items which were developed as an item pool. 19 items were selected according to the results of item and factor analysis. Exploratory factor analyses of those 19items revealed a 3 factor structure of the scale. In study 2, new college samples were collected(N=320, 120 male and 200 female) to examine the psychometric properties of the scale further. Factor analysis revealed 3 factor structure of the scale which was same as study 1,and the homogeneity of factor structure across the sex was verified as well. The scale showed significant correlations with Appearance Esteem(Gim, 2007), Body Surveillance(Mckinley, & Hyde, 1996), and Body Value-Inclination(Gim & Ryu, 2007) as predicted. BVI-SI-A had significant predictive power on body-related behaviors. Authors interpreted these results as the scale(BVI-SI-A) have acceptable psychometric properties and concluded that it could be useful tool for body image and body related behavior studies.
Measuring the prevalence of gambling addiction has become a major issue for health psychologists and policy-makers in Korea as gambler has expanded. However, there has been considerable debate about the definition of gambling addiction and the most appropriate ways of measuring it. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three problem gambling screens: KNODS, KCPGI, KSOGS. Each screens were assessed in terms of content, reliability,validity and cutoff and classification agreement. Participants were 1,375, using casino. While finding limitations with all three screens, overall the study found that the KCPGI demonstrated the best measurement properties of the three gambling instruments. As well as limitations, the paper discusses issues for future consideration in prevalence studies and the measurement of gambling addiction.