This study was intended to examine differences in mental health and job-search related variables between voluntary and involuntary unemployed individuals. Among people who had been unemployed for less than 2 months, 1083 involuntary unemployed individuals and 557 voluntary unemployed individuals were surveyed. Results showed that involuntary unemployed individuals had significantly higher scores on depression, anxiety, psychosomatic, and KGHQ, supporting hypothesis 1. Involuntary unemployed individuals had a significantly higher score on job intensity. However, there was no significant difference in job-search self-efficacy between two groups. Thus, hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
Addiction was discussed as a self-regulatory process. Addiction can be understood as a syndrome with common genetic and psychosocial vulnerabilities, temporal stages, and neurobiological basis. Results of recent cognitive neuroscientific studies, which show same underlying disregulatory neural mechanisms of learning and memory that under normal circumstances serve to shape survival behaviors related to pursuit of rewards and cues that predict them, were presented. Lieberman et al.(2002, 2004)'s cognitive neuroscience approach to self-regulation were discussed in relation with addiction researches of neuroscience. I suggest that mindfulness can be used as a useful strategy to improve the self-regulatory power of addicts in combination with both chemical and behavioral treatments.
This purpose of this study was to examine the effect of personality on behaviors, life satisfaction, and mental health of unemployed individuals. Among people who unemployed for less than 2 months, 1671 involuntary unemployed individuals were surveyed. Results indicated that Big 5 personality factors except openness were significantly related to job-searching intensity for reemployment, negative behaviors followed by unemployment, life satisfaction, and mental health. In addition, all of Big 5 personality factors moderated the relationship between the perceived barriers to reemployment and life satisfaction. Specifically, there was negative relationship between the perceived barriers to reemployment and life satisfaction among people who were high in Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness factors. But there was no significant relationship between the perceived barriers to reemployment and life satisfaction among people who were low in Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness factors. Based on these results, implications and limitations of this study, and future research tasks were discussed.
The present study investigated the present trends in adult gambling and gambling behavior prediction variables of among elementary school students. First, sample of 1,115 elementary school fifth and sixth grade students in Daejeon metropolitan city, was to investigate the "awareness" and "interest level" on for adult gambling (lotto, casino, horse racing, cycling race, boat racing, bullfighting) separately, testing the difference in demographic quality. Second, sample of 282 elementary school fifth and sixth grade students, using regression analysis, "interest on for adult gambling", "perceived family gambling", "irrational gambling belief", "behavior activating system(BAS)" and "the interaction effects of factors and sex" predicted "gambling behavior". As a result of the investigation into children's awareness of adult gambling, i.e. "lotto", the affirmation rate(77.7%) for the response "I know" was very high, "lotto" showed the highest rate among children for awareness of adult gambling. These results showed that male children, with a high domestic income level and children whose pocket money level was high, and sixth grade children had a high interest level relatively. Second, these results showed that as "perceived gambling", "interest in adult gambling", and "irrational gambling beliefs" were higher, and "gambling behavior" increases. The implications gleaned from this study were discussed with considerations for future study and practical aspect.
The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of stress, significant others' smoking and smoking belief on smoking behavior in adolescents. To test this purpose, the hypothetical model that smoking belief would mediate the relation of stress, significant others' smoking and smoking behavior in the stress-diathesis and social learning theory were proposed. In this study, 289 high school students were asked to complete the questionnaires and LISREL, regression analysis were used to test the data. Results showed that the mediating effect of smoking belief was found in the relation so the hypothesis was supported. Also the smoking belief-mediating model were proved properly. Accordingly, psychosocial mechanism was showed that there are not only the direct effects of stress and significant others' smoking on smoking behavior in adolescents but also stress induces irrational smoking belief that leads to smoking behavior subsequently. Also, the moderating effects of smoking belief was found, it means the relationship between significant others' smoking and smoking behavior differs with the level of smoking belief. That is to say, irrational smoking belief acts as a vulnerable factor in smoking behavior whereas rational smoking belief as a buffering factor of the significant others' smoking influences. The moderating effect of smoking belief needs to be more clearly understood through ongoing research. These results might used to understand the processes underlying adolescents' smoking behavior as well as be applied to program a useful prevention and cessation interventions.
The Contribution of agression in family of origin, sexist attitude, personality factors, TSC to the experience of sexual coercion were studied in a homogeneous sample of young college students. Participants were 426 college students. Significant relationships were found between agression in the family of origin and experience of sexual coercion. Sexual coercion was related to depression, impulsivity. Among men, sexual coercion was associated impulsivity. and Among women, sexual coercion was associated with depression. Sexist attitude was related to sexual coercion. But its effect is dependent on participant's sex. Men who have sexist attitude had experienced more sexual coercion. But this is not true for women. The discussion addressed implications of the findings for future research and for clinical practice.
This study was intended to investigate the relations of attachment type and somatization, and whether the self-related variables, self-esteem, emotional unstablity, interpersonal trust, interpersonal relation problem, problem solving, mediate the relation between attachment and somatization. As a result, anxious attachment style is significantly related to somatization. And result of regression analysis show that among the self-related variables, emotional stability is the full mediating variable in the relation between attachment and somatization. Limitation of these studies and further study directions were also discussed.
This study investigated the effects of sociotropy, autonomy, and interpersonal problem-solving ability on stress. Sociotropy and autonomy are personality style that are believed to moderate the effects of stressors on depression. This study tested the hypothesis that these personality styles may actually contribute to the occurrence of stress in the domain of vulnerability and the relation with depression. In particular, the present study examined the interaction of these personality styles with interpersonal problem-solving ability. 325 undergraduates completed the Korean version of Personal Style Inventory-Ⅱ, Life Event Questionnaire, Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory, and BDI. The results of hierarchial multiple regression analyses partially supported the hypothesis. That is, results indicated that sociotropy was a risk factor of interpersonal stress, but autonomy was not a risk factor of achievement stress. The results also indicated that autonomy was a risk factor of both interpersonal stress and achievement stress when coupled with poor interpersonal problem-solving ability. But the interaction effect of sociotropy and interpersonal problem-solving ability was not found. The findings were discussed in the context of implications and recommendations for further research.
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether Think Aloud Program had an effect on children's social behavior. The subjects were three lower graders of elementary school who lived in Kyung Ki Do. They were selected by three criteria: 1) children with IQ above 90 on the KEDI-WISC; 2) children diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-Ⅳ criteria; and 3) children on medication for it. Think Aloud Program, which consisted of a total of 24 sessions, was implemented using a multiple probe design across subjects. To investigate whether the effect of the program was generalized and maintained, the subjects were measured three times when the program was terminated and three more times 4 weeks later. The following results emerged: first, it was revealed by the children's increased positive behaviors and decreased negative ones that Think Aloud Program had a positive effect on their social behavior; second, the effect of Think Aloud Program was generalized into the children's playing environment where they interacted with other peers; and third, the effect of Think Aloud Program was maintained when it was measured 4 weeks later. The results were discussed in terms of researching the effects of the program with more additional cases, investigating whether the effects will be generalized into other environments such as school and family, developing programs focused more on the target children's characteristics, and setting up a control group to compare with.
In this study, several major perspectives on well-being research are reviewed. In addition, the important factors which are considered as the key elements affecting well-being are reviewed. Then, some recent studies about well-being therapy and mindfulness that are suggested to increase well-being are reviewed as well. Finally, some suggestions are made for the people who pursue psychological well-being in everyday life and the future research directions are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop the reliable and valid korean version of the Gratitude Questionnaire(GQ-6/ McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002). GQ-6 is a short, self-report measure of the disposition to experience gratitude. First, the factor structure, reliability, item property are analyzed for 269 university students. Second, criterion-related evidence of validity and incremental validity are investigated for 328 university students. The Korean version of the Gratitude Questionnaire, in a similar way as the original version, displays a stable one factor structure and high internal consistency, showing good convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Implications are discussed in the context of positive psychology.