This study was intended to develop the scale for undergraduate students subjective quality of life. For this purposes, 75 preliminary items were constructed in the five categories; self, interpersonal and family, job, leisure & environment. Initial items were distributed to 598 undergraduate students for exploratory factor analysis. The criterion-related validity of the Subject Quality of Life Scale was administrated correlation with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The main results were: 1) Results of exploratory factor analyses of this scale showed that the five factor was meaningful. Each factors labeled leisure, interpersonal, family, job, environment. The number of items of The Subjective Quality of Life Scale reduced to 29 items. 2) The internal consistency(Cronbach's α) of each factors in it showed .60-.84. 3) As a result of correlation analysis between the Subjective Quality of Life Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale, it seemed that they have significantly correlation. These findings indicate that this scale will be helpful to appraise and evaluate Korean undergraduate student's 'Subjective Quality of Life'.
This study was intended to examine whether emotional intelligence differs across sex and job position of employees. Also the relations of emotional intelligence to job stress and job stress coping were examined. Additionally it was examined if these relationships are different across sex and job position. Data were collected from 482 employees working on various service jobs. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the emotional intelligence total(EI-total) score between men and women employees. However, women had a significant higher score on the self-emotions appraisal factor and a significant lower score on the regulation of emotion factor. Second, mangers had significant higher scores on all the four factors and the EI total score than the non-manger group. The same trends were found for male employees as well as female employees. Third, emotional intelligence was significantly positively related to active coping, social support, and emotional expression but not significantly related to avoidance coping, supporting the hypothesis partially. This trend was not affected by differences in sex r and job position. Fourth, contrary to the expectation, emotional intelligence was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and job burnout. This trend was not affected by differences in sex and job position. Finally, implications, limitations, and future research were discussed.
This study is designed to recognize the orientation of the effectiveness in the conceptual relations of models about happiness and religious attitudes, and to consider comparative testifying about relation models. The hypothetic models of this study are as follows; dual process model that there is no relation between two factors, confronting model that the two factors are opposite, happiness-to-religious orientation one way model that happiness reinforces transcendental religion, religious orientation-to-happiness one way model that the absorbing religion reinforces the value of happiness, and interactive model that religion and happiness are interactive. The participant are 633 persons(197 males, 436 females), who are 245 protestants and 388 catholics. The approach method is to testify the validity of models which focus on the relations between two factors and to conduct correlation comparison through confirmatory factor analysis and local minimums. The analysis result of testifying according to the five models is as follows: the fits is the highest in interactive model and the rest are in the order of happiness-to-religious orientation one way model, religious orientation-to-happiness one way model, dual process model, and confronting model.
We were to investigate the gambling states of amateur gamblers in the cycle and motorboat races and to evaluate their subjective quality of life, self-esteem and social support by gambling severity. Participants were 1,493 amateur gamblers in the tarck and off-track betting located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do. By the DSM-Ⅳ criterion, we classified amateur gamblers into social, problem, and pathological gamblers and measured their subjective quality of life, self-esteem and social support and conflict. The results were as follows; In the level of subjective quality of life, social gamblers were higher than problem gamblers and problem gamblers higher than pathological gamblers. Social gamblers and problem gamblers had no significant difference in those of self-esteem and social support, but showed higher level than those of pathological gamblers. In social conflict, there was significant difference among the groups. Pathological gamblers showed higher level than problem gamblers and problem gamblers higher level than social gamblers. There were suggestions for the development of gambling addiction treatment program.
The study examined psychological and social characteristics of mobile phone addictive adolescents by conducting discriminant function analysis. A total 249 subjects were surveyed levels of mobile phone addiction, impulsivity, aggression, parent-child relation, depression, and paying attention. High risk group and low risk group were classified as the higher standard deviation 1, 48 students and the lower standard deviation 1, 43 subjects. Discriminant function analysis yielded a function containing 5 variables, then the two groups differed each other in impulsivity, depression, aggression, and paying attention. Stepwise discriminant function analysis yielded only attention, depression and aggression to classifying 78.0% accurately into the high risk group and the low risk group. Finally, results, the understandings of mobile phone addiction, suggestions of how to utilize treatment intervention, and implications were discussed.
This study aims to examine the effect of listening to music on cardiovascular and psychological recovery from stress. Participants of this study were 39 students (9 males & 30 females), whose mean age was 20.70 (SD=2.01). Thirteen students (3 males & 10 females) were assigned for in each group, no music, classical and pop music groups. Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAEI, 1988) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAXI, 1984) were used for measuring participants' level of anger and anxiety before and after experiment. Cardiovascular reactivity was measured by instrument produced by Schiller Company, Switzerland. During the experiment, all participants performed challenging cognitive tasks for 20 minutes in situations that were designed to experience learned helplessness and measured their cardiovascular reactivity including blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) every 5 minutes, until 10 minutes after finishing the application of psychological stress (recovering state). After the application of psychological stress, participants in two treatment group were going through with a course of listening classical or pop music, 5 minutes during the 10-minutes recovering period while participants in control group were listening nothing. There was no significant difference in heart rate between those three groups. Systolic blood pressures of classical and pop music group were significantly lower than those of no music group during recovering period, 10 minutes after stressful events. The state anxiety level of pop music group at end of experiment were significantly decreased, while the state anger after listening classical music could be differentiated at the borderline level of significance.
This study was implemented in order to find out any differences in the treatment effect between Cognitive Therapy(CT) and Psychodrama(PD) for depressed college students. The number of participants in this study was 39 college students; 14 in PD, 12 in CT, and 13 in Control group. Dependent variables include depression level, social support, self-esteem, and dysfunctional attitude. Followings are results from discovered depending on the three conditions of treatment(CT, PD, and Control). First, the two treatment groups showed significant differences in depression level, social support, self-esteem, and dysfunctional attitude between pre-test and post-test, whereas Control group showed no significant differences in those scores between pre-test and post-test. Same results were found in follow-up test which was given three months later for the two treatment groups. No significant differences were found in treatment effect for the two treatment groups between post-test and follow-up test. Second, the mechanism that seemed to make reducing effect on depression level in post-test and follow-up test was invested, which showed that self-esteem for post-test was found as significant variable, whereas social support and self-esteem were found as significant variables for follow-up test. Finally, significances and limitations of this study, and suggestions for further research were discussed.