초록

본 연구에서는 동기상태이론에 바탕을 둔 통합동기관리의 관점에서 인지행동치료의 주요 치료법을 개관하였다. 통합동기관리에서는 치료의 기법이 궁극적으로 동기의 상태에 변화를 가져올 때 효과가 있는 것으로 본다. 본 연구에서는 통합동기관리에 따라 동기관리의 유형을 스트레스/증상과 관련된 동기의 상태에 영향을 주는 인지의 변화, 스트레스/증상과 관련된 동기의 상태에 영향을 주는 기술의 학습, 스트레스/증상과 관련된 동기 자체의 변화, 및 스트레스/증상과 직접 관련없는 동기의 충족과 충족예상의 증진 등 네 가지로 나누고 인지행동치료의 주요 치료법의 특징을 비교하고 논의하였다.

Abstract

The present study reviewed major therapies of cognitive behavior therapy from the viewpoint of Integrative Motivation Management which is based on Motivational States Theory. According to Integrative Motivation Management techniques of therapies are effective only if they influence the states of motivation. Integrative Motivation Management classifies the types of motivation management into four: changes of cognitions which influence the states of motivations related to stress/symptom; learning of techniques which influence the states of motivations related to stress/symptom; changes of motivations which are related to stress/symptom; and enhancement of fulfillment and fulfillment expectation of motivations which are not directly related to stress/symptom. Based on this classification characteristics of major therapies of cognitive behavior therapy are compared and discussed.

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This review article illuminates the theme and the finding of researches related to dating violence, and suggests the information for intervention and future studies. After reviewing a bunch of studies, the author concludes dating violence in Korea was as severe as in western societies. Although females were more frequently reported inflicting dating violence than males in many Korean studies, the author emphasized this is not meant the male was typical victim of dating violence. Control Theory and Patriarchal/Asymmetry Paradigm were useful to explain intimate partner violence, and Riggs and O'Leary's model which is based in social learning theory, was more supported by many researchers. Based on this model, the intergenerational transmission of violence and the attitude toward it were frequently explored in many studies, and roles of anger regulation, alcohol consumption, and psychoticism were also illuminated. the author suggests that self-injury, false attachment or emotional dependency, impulsivity, unpredictable mood swing, jealousy including violence were needed to investigate as characteristics of perpetrator of dating violence. The Korean study of dating violence should grow out of Riggs and O'Leary's model and be performed in multilateral way. It is needed to develop specific intervention strategies of dating violence and prevention program suitable for Korean culture, and pursue studies for evaluation of their effect.

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In the past more than three decades, behavioral intervention(eg, relaxation training, biofeedback, cognitive-behavior therapy, or stress-management training) has been necessarily essential tool for recurrent headache management. Meta-analytic literature reviews of behavioral interventions have consistently shown EMG biofeedback treatment to be evidence-based and standard approaches for tension-type headache. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about the behavioral factors influencing tension-type headache and behavioral approaches to tension-type headache intervention. In this article, mechanisms of tension-type headache cause and EMG biofeedback treatment efficacy, guidelines for trials of EMG biofeedback treatment, and future directions in behavioral headache research were reviewed.

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본 연구는 혈액투석중인 만성신부전 환자의 심리적 적응에 사회비교추구 성향과 통제감이 미치는 영향력을 탐색하여 만성신부전 환자의 적응을 위한 심리적 개입의 기초를 제공하고자 하였다. 서울과 경인, 부산 지역 소재 총 12개 인공 신장실 외래를 방문한 혈액투석 환자 131명을 대상으로 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상향비교를 추구하는 집단은 하향비교를 추구하는 집단보다 심리적 적응수준이 높은 경향성을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 둘째, 통제감이 높은 집단은 통제감이 낮은 집단에 비해 심리적 적응수준이 높았다. 마지막으로, 심리적 적응수준에 대한 사회비교추구 성향과 통제감과의 상호작용 효과는 유의하였다. 즉 통제감이 높은 수준에서 상향 비교를 추구하는 집단이 하향비교를 추구하는 집단보다 심리적 적응수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 완치에 대한 현실적인 기대를 갖지 못하는 만성신부전증 환자에게 적절한 심리적 개입을 함으로서 그들의 심리적 적응을 도울 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social comparison motive and control on psychological adjustment of hemodialysis patients with an end-stage renal disease and to provide basic data for effective psychological intervention to the psychological maladjustment in hemodialysis patients. In order to do this, Self- Control Schedule, Social Comparison Motive, and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report are administered to 131 hemodialysis patients with ESRD at twelve hospitals in Seoul, Busan, and Kyung-in area. The results are as follows. Firstly, in the degree of psychological adjustment, the upward comparison group show no significant differences from the downward comparison group. Second, the high control group show higher levels of psychological adjustment than the low control group. Third, the interaction effect between social comparison motive and control on psychological adjustment show differences. That is, the upward comparison group in high control show higher levels of psychological adjustment than the downward comparison group. Thanks to the result of this study, the Psychological Adjustment of patients with an end-stage renal disease, who are in the situation under which it is impossible for them to have real expectation for perfect cures, can be dealt with more in death. Specifically speaking, through a proper psychological intervention, when we approach the patients, it can be used in a expansive cure for the patients

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The purpose of this study were to investigate relationship of the personality traits - threat overestimation, intolerance of uncertainty, sense of control- and to examine coping process in AIDS phobia. A total of 156 Korean college students were recruited and completed the research packet. Multivariated regression analyses were conducted to examined control belief(threat overestimation), mental control(intolerance of uncertainty), motivation of control(sense of control), and mode of control(coping process). The results of study revealed that inflated threat and mental control is significant factors in AIDS phobias and obsessionals, so over-controlling attitude are the more specific personality characteristics. It was also suggested that negative assertive mode of control was related to obsessions and was not to AIDS phobia.

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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) is characterized by some combination of marked affective symptoms, which may be accompanied by physical symptoms. The neurofeedback training regulating frontal lobe EEG asymmetry that is vulnerability in women with PMDD had been performed to seek such a treatment in this study by reason that there is no suitable treatment with no side effects until now. Participants had been screened by Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form, Symptom-Checklist-90-Revision, Daily Rating Form, and interview among 704 unmarried women. In result 18 women took PMDD diagnosis, and then these are assigned each 9 in treatment group and in control group by paired-matches. Premenstrual Assessment Form was used for measuring the effects of neurofeedback training on symptoms of PMDD. After Neurofeedback training, EEG asymmetry scores in treatment group was corrected more than those of the waiting list control group, and affective, behavioral and physical symptoms had been reduced more than control group. It seems that neurofeedback training helps to correct resting EEG of women with PMDD, has directive effects on affective and behavioral, and has mediate effects on physical symptoms of PMDD. In PMDD treatments of clinical practices, neurofeedback training could be a favorite treatment for both clinicians and patients.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy(MBCT) for thoughts suppression of students. MBCT was modified through cognitive theories of depression, anxiety and anger, and consisted of 8 sessions, that was once per weeks and each session lasted for 2hrs. The control group were not received any treatment. MBCT group(n=13) and control group(n=13) were compared with. The results showed that thoughts suppression, observation and acceptance of mindfulness, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were improved in MBCT group, and these results kept up for 4 weeks in follow-up. These results suggest that MBCT can be effective for reduction of thoughts suppression of students. We discussed core factors of mindfulness those is effective for reduction of thought suppression and future directions for MBCT study.

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This study examines whether the mindfulness facilitates the experience of meaning, the autonomous regulation of behavior, and the emotional well-being through an experimental study which induces the mindfulness state. The participants were 80 undergraduate students who had no previous training in mindfulness. It is found that the mindfulness group inducing open attention and awareness without judging shows higher experience of meaning, autonomous regulation, and emotional well-being, when compared with a group inducing goal-directed attention and awareness with judging, in a meaningful task condition. In addition to, the mindfulness group noticed the meaninglessness of the meaningless task as well as the meaningfulness of a meaningful task. Results indicate that the mindfulness facilitates the autonomous regulation and enhances the emotional well-being through experience of meaning.

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This study aimed to examine body shape and body weight related self-focused attention as moderator of the relationship between eating cues and dietary restraint and eating behaviors among female undergraduates(n=143). Participants completed a questionnaire booklet consisting of items concerning eating cue(food cue, emotion cue), dietary restraint, body shape and body weight related self-focused attention, inhibited eating behavior and binge eating behavior. Hierarchical moderated regression was used to test the interactive effects of the models. As expected, body shape and body weight related self-focused attention was moderator of eating cues and dietary restraint interaction in inhibited eating behaviors. However, the same results were not found in binge eating behaviors. The results of this study were discussed in context of cue-reactivity model and counteractive-control model. Finally, implications of this study and further studies were suggested.

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In order to find out the effect of sociocultural pressure for being slim on eating behavior of female college students, the adjusted model based on Stice's theory was suggested and proved through 2 studies. With the subject of 168 female college student, the study 1 was carried out to search the influence of sociocultural pressure for being slim on eating restriction and excessive eating tendency in relation to body dissatisfaction. The result shows that fully mediating model of body dissatisfaction is appropriate. Study 2 was to examine the influence of sociocultural pressure for being slim on eating restriction and excessive eating tendency in relation to , this time, sensitivity of behavioral approach system(BAS). Each 16 students with either high or low in sensitivity of BAS were chosen among 300 students and were measured the level of body dissatisfaction after each group watched the images of super models and counted the number the drinks of cocoa after they watch this images. The group with high BAS represented much higher level of self-body dissatisfaction than the one with low BAS. Relating the result from these studies, the preventive interventions have been discussed.

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The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between college students' perceptions of drinking norms and drinking behavior in Korea. Participants included 874(451 men, and 423 women) first-year undergraduates who reported at least one drinking episode in the previous three months. Participants completed assessments of drinking frequency, drinking quantity, drinking problems, perceived descriptive norms regarding close friends' and typical student drinking, and perceived injunctive norms regarding parents' and close friends' and typical students' approval. In perceived descriptive norms, the majority of respondents rated close friends and typical students as drinking more frequently, drinking more. In perceived injunctive norms, students estimate that typical students are more approving of high-risk drinking and parents are perceived to disapprove of high-risk drinking more than the student. Regression results indicated that descriptive and injunctive norms regarding close friends were among the best predictors of drinking frequency, average quantity and drinking problems. And injunctive norms regarding patents was significant predictor of drinking problems. The findings of the study ascertain the influence of drinking norms on college student drinking in Korea and suggest that parents continue to exhibit influence on their teens' drinking in college. Results are considered in terms of their implications for the prevention of drinking problems in first-year college students.

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This study was designed to investigate the relationship among drinking restraint, drinking refusal self-efficacy and drinking behaviors in college students. Specifically, the mediating effects of drinking refusal self-efficacy on the relationship between drinking restraint and drinking quantity, drinking frequency, and drinking problem were hypothesized. 232 students (male 104, female 128) completed the Temptation and Restraint Inventory, the Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised, and the Problem Drinking Screening Test, as well as frequency and quantity measure of self-reported drinking. Since gender differences were found in two dependent variables, drinking quantity and drinking frequency, data of males and females were analyzed separately. The results showed that drinking refusal self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between drinking restraint and drinking quantity. In the relation between drinking restraint and drinking frequency, drinking refusal self-efficacy was a partial mediator in males and a full mediator in females. Drinking refusal self-efficacy did not mediate the relation between drinking restraint and drinking problem. These results suggest that the relationship between drinking restraint and drinking refusal self-efficacy should be considered in order to understand alcohol consumption, and that a therapeutic approach to drinking restraint is needed for prevention and treatment of drinking problem.

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This study aimed to examine the relationship between gambling game related variables, quality of life and leisure satisfactions. To put it concretely, First, we explored differences of gambling game related variable(gambling experience, motive, pathological severity) and quality of life(subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being) among Gyeongnam, Daejeon, and Daegu in Korea. Second, we predicted quality of life(subjective well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being) and leisure satisfaction from gambling game related variables. Participants(Gyeongnam n=185, Daegu n=109, Daejeon n=136) completed self-report measures of gambling game related variables, quality of life measures, and leisure satisfactions. The results indicated that there were no differences in quality of life and leisure satisfactions among three areas. But social reasons, money, and excitement motive scores were the highest in Daegu area. Subjective well-being was predicted from pathological gambling severity. As pathological gambling severity increased, subjective well-being became decreased. Psychological well-being was predicted from experiences of gambling in sports and pathological gambling severity. Gambling to make or obtain money was stronger predictors of social well-being. Leisure satisfactions were predicted from gambling in order to escape or to cope with problems, depression, or anxiety. Implications for gambling game in quality of life and leisure satisfactions were discussed. Further studies were suggested.