This study was conducted with three purposes. First, this study was to investigate the relations among body image esteem, self-esteem and depression of college women. Second, it was to explore that the self-esteem had influence on the body image esteem and depression. Third, it was to examine the effects of cognitive behavior therapy on body image esteem, self-esteem, and depression of college women with negative body image. The data were collected from 244 college women using Body Esteem Test, Body Cathexis Scale, Rogenberge`s Self-Esteem, and Beck Depression Inventory-Korean version. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant positive correlations between body image esteem and self-esteem. And there were significant negative correlations between body image esteem and depression of college women. Second, the self-esteem had influence on the body image esteem and the depression. Third, there were significant increase in the body image esteem and the self-esteem in the experimental group. there were significant reductions in the depression between the experimental group and the control group. Finally, the suggestion and limitations of this study were discussed.
The researchers examined the relationships between dating violence and anger, psychoticism, and addiction. The participants were 440 Korean college students (173 males and 267 females) whose ages ranged from 17 to 33 (M=20.89, SD=2.27). The questionnaires and psychological tests used in this research included the following: Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale, Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Eysenck's Personality Inventory. Research design was a 2 (sex) × 4 (types of dating violence experience) 2-way MANOVA. Results indicated that people who had inflicted and received violence in their dating relationship had significantly higher trait anger, anger-in, and anger-out than people who had not experienced dating violence, while people who received dating violence showed higher anger control than people who had inflicted dating violence or who had inflicted and received dating violence. There was a 2-way interaction in psychoticism by sex and types of dating violence experience. Males who had inflicted and received dating violence had significantly higher psychoticism than males who had not experienced dating violence. And it was found that people who had inflicted and received dating violence were likely to show higher addiction than people who had not experienced dating violence.
The purpose of this study was to extract the organization-level determinants in predicting job stress and physical illness. Based upon the study of Hahn, Hahn, Kim & Sung(1988) and Hahn(1995), 24 constructs were used as the predictors of job stress and physical illness. Data obtained from 214 white-colored workers in an information technology(IT) company were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and canonical discriminant analysis. The result showed as follows: (1) the common predictors of job stress were perceived physical illness, equity, job itself, performance pressure from the one's superior, satisfaction with the company, and loyalty to the organization. (2) the common predictors of perceived physical illness were job stress, fulfillment of cognitive need, relationship with coworkers, performance pressure from the one's superior, role conflict, and turnover intention. Predictors discriminating between groups who perceived physical illness and groups who did not were 9 factors; feedback, autonomy, communication, job characteristics, fulfillment of cognitive need, leaders' ability to plan, relationships with one's superior, relationships with coworkers, turnover intention. 83.2% of total cases were significantly correctly classified by 4 major discriminant variables. Finally, based upon covariance structure modeling, a tentative causal model about relationship of organizational factors with job stress and physical illness was explained good-fit and parsimoniously.
The present study examined the property of ERP P300 component in mild Alzheimer's disease(AD). Auditory event-related potentials were measured in 11 patients with mild AD, 12 healthy elderly subjects and 5 healthy young subjects. Auditory Oddball stimuli, the standard stimuli(1000Hz) and the target stimuli(1500Hz) at 85 dB, were presented with 1.2 seconds interval. The target stimuli were 25 % of total trials. The subjects were required to pay attention to and count the number of target stimuli. Latency and amplitude of ERP P300 component to target stimulus were extracted. Latencies of P300 were delayed in AD patients and the delay in latency was significantly increased as AD was developing. P300 component latency was negative correlated with K-DRS scores. P300 component was typically shown in memory-updating and allocation of attention. These results present the clinical application of the ERP measure and P300 component is useful indices of the cognitive dysfunction of AD patients
We investigated the connections of the emotional experiences in everyday life to subjective well-being, health perception and physical illness through a survey research. We also examined the relative predictive power of emotion dimension approach(ie, positive or negative emotions) and emotion category approach(discrete emotions) to those relationships. Participants in this survey were 1309 students(344 male college students, 324 female college students, 304 male high school students, 346 female high school students) from three regional areas in Korea. The results obtained from multiple regression analysis and step-wise regression showed that both of the dimension model and the discrete category model were validated to predict subjective well-being, health perception and physical illness, provided appropriate and frequently used emotion terms were chosen. The results of this research also showed that different discrete emotions were connected to cardiovascular, respiratory, skin and digestive diseases. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed in terms of the previous studies and suggestions for further study were added.
This study was to investigate the effects of behavior inhibition training on executive function of ADHD children. 12 participants, who had high scores in commission error scale of ADHD Diagnosis System, were randomly assigned into either behavior inhibition training group or placebo control group. The subjects of training groups were trained by cognitive test with verbal mediation(used 4 problem solving questions) for 8 sessions and the subjects of control group were trained by cognitive test without verbal mediation. Results of the study indicated that behavior inhibition training significantly enhance executive function than control group. Among executive functions, planning, ability of response-control, and self-regulation of affect were enhanced, but working memory and goal-directed behavioral creativity were not enhanced. Training effects maintained until 4 weeks after the end of the training. Implications of the results were discussed in related with Barkley's Model.
The aim of the present research was to explore the utility of social learning theory-based model and stress-vulnerability model of smoking behaviors. We distributed self-questionnaire to people who visited health promotion center at National Health Corporation Ilsan Hospital. A self-administered questionnaire that included Life Stress Assessment Scale, Symptom Check List-90 Revised(SCL-90-R), coping methods scale and self-efficacy scale, was used with 128 men. Finally Subjects were 70 current smokers, 30 experimenters and 20 never-smokers. The results were as follows: 1. Current smokers and experimenters used significantly less active-cognitive coping method than never-smokers. 2. Current smokers used significantly more avoidance coping method than experimenters and never-smokers. 3. Level of general self-efficacy of current smokers were significantly lower than that of experimenters. 4. Current smokers and experimenters complained significantly more depressed mood than never-smokers. This study explored psychosocial variables which have much relation with smoking and smoking cessation and it suggested that coping methods, self-efficacy and depression were very important factors in effective smoking cessation program.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy program for high risk students of internet game addiction. Seventy-seven middle school students were selected based on the scores of internet game addiction diagnostic scale and game time. Among 72 students, 42 students agreed to participate in our program and 30 students were selected as control group. This program consisted of 9 therapy sessions and 2 parents education session. Each session was held for an hour and half per week. It consists of (1) recognizing game behavior and revising cognitive distortion (2) discovering appropriate alternative behavior (3) uplifting self-control (4) resolving game-related relational conflicts (5) preventing relapse - managing crisis situation. The measurements of the psychological variables related to game were administered before and after the treatment. Group differences were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results of this study were as followings: 1) There were significant differences between therapy group and control group in Daily game time and internet game addiction diagnostic scale. The effectiveness of the therapy was generally maintained at the 8 weeks follow-up test. 2) There were also significant differences between two groups in impulsiveness and depression. The effectiveness of the therapy was also maintained. 3) There were positive tendencies in family relationships, self-control, anxiety and loneliness within therapy group. 4) There were positive results in parents and home room teacher's evaluation. 5) The effectiveness of therapy were analyzed using regression, it was found that explanation variable at the range of 31%. On the basis of results, it was concluded that the cognitive -behavioral program for high risk students of internet game addiction was effective in protecting internet game addiction. Finally, implications of present study were discussed.
The purpose of present study was to examine the relationship between personality traits and stress coping styles in the adolescent. The participants of the study were 352 high school students. The questionnaires used in this study were Eysenck's EPQ and Carver's brief COPE. Results of the study were as follows: Personality traits were important in predicting stress copying styles, extraversion had related with problem solving and accepting reality coping styles positively, on the hand neuroticism had negative relation with solving problem and accepting reality and positive relation with seeking support and denial, and psychoticism had negative relation with problem solving coping strategies. The results of the study were similar to those of the previous researches, which supports coping would be stable styles related to personality.