It was insisted that there were many common threads among the various addictive behaviors and the addictive behavior were explained more fully by the self-regulating moral behavior models than by the biomedical models. Social-Behavioral-Cognitive-Moral Model(Orford, 2001), Planned Behavior Model(Ajzen, 1985, 1991) and it's Alternative Model(Kim), Health Action Process Model(Schwarzer, 2000), and Transtheoretical Stage Model(Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992) were proposed in order to explain and predict the outcomes and processes of addictive behavior. Proposed models were compared and criticized in terms of the testability, generality-specificity, or focus of the convenience. Finally, the generic definition of addiction and directions of the constructive self-regulation of addictive behaviors were suggested.
The present study tested positive automatic thoughts, negative automatic thoughts, and States of Mind(SOM) ratio to moderate or mediate the relation between life stress and depression. College students completed self-report measures of life stress, the positive and negative automatic thoughts, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results suggested that positive automatic thoughts and negative automatic thoughts served as a mediator(but not a moderator) of the relation between life stress and depression. SOM ratio served as not only a mediator but also a moderator of the relation between life stress and depression. Some limitations and considerations for future research were discussed.
This study was intended to develope the job stressor scale for local public servants. Fifty six local public servants were asked to describe job stressors they have experienced on the job using an open-end question. Based on these responses 70 items to measure job stressors were developed. A questionnaire including 70 job stressor items was distributed to 187 local public servants. Results of exploratory factor analyses of the job stressor scale showed that the eight factor structure was meaningful. These eight factors were discrimination against women, promotion problem, lack of task consistency, economic problem, civil service problem, conflict with superiors, conflict with coworkers, and lack of task promotion. The number of items of the job stressor scale reduced to 31 items. This final job stressor scale was distributed to 334 local public servants to confirm the factor structure of the eight factor model and investigate the relations of the job stressor factors with job attitude and mental health. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the eight factor model fit the data well. Generally, the eight job stressor factors were not significantly related to job attitude. But these factors were more highly related to mental health. Especially discrimination against women was significantly correlated with all mental health variables. Finally, implications of the results and limitations were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop of the Internet Game Addiction Diagnostic Scale(IGADS) for adolescents in Korea. 25 items were selected preliminary study with 248. The IGADS was administrated to 2,047 middle school students and reliabilities and validities were measured. The internal consistency (Cronbach'sα)was .93. Factor analysis explains 59.0% of variants extracts 5 factors. Each factors labeled 'low academic attitude','maladaptive behavior','negative emotional experience', 'psychological absorption and fixation' and 'relationship problem'. The criterion-related validity of the IGADS was administrated correlation with Young internet addiction scale, family environment scale, BIS-II, self-control scale, UCLA loneliness scale. 5 scales showed significantly correlation with the IGADS. According to the regression analysis, it was found that explanation variable at the range of 22%. It was as follows orderly self-control, awareness of the negative impact of (internet) game, impulsiveness, loneliness. Finally, implication and limitation of the study were discussed.
This study examined the factor structure of the Korean version of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory(MCMI) for two samples. One sample consisted of normal person, and the other sample, abnormal sample consisted largely of psychiatric patients. Raw scores for the 24 scales were used as the input variables for a principal axis factoring. Three factors with genvalues greater than one, scree test and interpretability were retained. Congruency coefficient of two samples was very high(.9856). And clinical scales included each factor were similar in two samples. The first factor seems to represent thought disorder, depression and anxiety related maladjustment. The second factor appears to reflects histronic and antisocial personality disorder related dimension. And the third seems to represent a mistrust, suspiciousness and labile affect related dimension. The limitations of this study and future directions for further study were discussed.
This study investigated the effect of relaxation training on depression for the Korea elderly immigrants. Participants were 22 Korean elderly volunteers(mean age 82) recruited from a nursing home in a suburban area of Chicago and randomly assigned to either the experimental or the waiting list control group. the experimental group was treated with relaxation training 20 minutes a day for 14 days. the experimental group showed significant decrease in BDI and increase in relaxation states after the relaxation training. relaxation treatment provide a simple but effective coping skill for elderly to increase well-being.
This study was intended to standardize the Korean version of dysfunctional attitude scale. Participants were normal adults 3,708 and depressed patients 142 selected from 12 administrative districts(Do). Internal consistency was calculated and construct, concurrent and discrimination validation were performed. And ROC analysis was used to testify diagnostic efficiency for depressed patient. K-DAS was reliable (Cronbach α=.86) and consisted of 3 factors. Correlation Korea Depression Scale and K-DAS was .46. Maximum diagnostic efficiency was 61.1% in cutoff score 162. Factor 1 'performance evaluation and perfection' among 3 factors had the highest diagnostic efficiency. These results suggest K-DAS be reliable and valid tool in diagnosis and treatment outcome evaluation. Finally, the limitation of this investigation and future research tasks was discussed.
It is widely insisted that irrational cognitions play the role of constructing stress. The present study made a distinction between irrational cognitions and irrational cognitive strategies which generate the former, and examined irrational cognitive strategies in depth. Firstly the present study classified irrational strategies into 4 basic irrational strategies, black-and-white thinking, overgeneralization, magnification-minimization, and mind-reading. It was suggested that each basic irrational cognitive strategy plays the role of constructing both stress and well-being. The present study discussed the reasons why irrational cognitive strategies continue to be used in everyday information processing in spite of playing the role of constructing stress. Lastly the present study also discussed the merits of elaborate comprehension of irrational cognitive strategies in understanding and management of stress.
The effectiveness of a REBT based stress management program for maladjusted high school students was examined. Trainees were 26 male high school students. They were randomly assigned into an experimental group( n = 13), a control group( n =13). The experimental trainees were given 10 sessions of REBT based stress management training program in 5 weeks(twice a week, about 100 minutes per each session). Trainees were compared with a control group on measures of high school students' perceived stress. Compared with controls, the training program participants showed significantly greater reduction on self report measures of school life stress, physical health stress, habitual attitude stress, and family life stress. but there was no significant difference between the two groups in peer life stress. To observe the long term effect of the program, a follow-up study was implemented 6 months later. Follow-up improvements were found on behavioral problems in the training program participants. Finding support the value of REBT based stress management training program for preventive stress and behavioral problems in the school setting.. Several suggestions were made for future researches and programs developments.