The purpose of this study is to test whether it is effective by selecting and administrating programs according to personality traits for alcohol dependence and addiction prevention in changing drinking behaviors of college students with problematic drinking. Six-hundred college students from two universities in Jeon-ju, who were selected by Drinking Problem Questionnaire and Shorter Version of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, were enrolled in this study. Then, the final participates for this study was selected. seven for the passive-aggressive personality group and seven for the antisocial personality group. They conducted a stress management program. Also, they conducted Drinking Quantity and Frequency Questionnaire, and The Controlled Drinking Self Efficacy Scale. The results of this study are as follows; drinking behaviors more significantly changed the passive-aggressive personality group than the antisocial personality group. These results suggested that different therapeutic approach should be applied according to personality traits and type of group when we conduct programs for problematic drinkers. Finally, the meanings and limitations of this study, and suggestion for future studies, were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a mindfulness meditation program on quality of life and attention in perennial allergic rhinitis patients. The participants of this study were female college students in Seoul, Korea, who had been diagnosis with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis by a professional and who met the criteria for Allergic Rhinitis and its impact on Asthma's diagnostic criteria. All participants completed the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, Frankfurter Aufmerksamkeits-Inventar test, psychological acceptance questionnaire, satisfaction with life scale questionnaire, and life satisfaction expectancy scale questionnaire at pretreatment. Of the total participants, 18 students were selected based on the results from use of these scales and test. They were divided into 2 groups, namely the mindfulness meditation group and the wait-control group. 4 participants dropped out of the program due to personal matters, which left 7 in the mindfulness meditation group and 7 in the wait-control group. The participants in mindfulness meditation group completed 9 weeks of mindfulness meditation program. The study results are as follows. There were significantly larger improvements in the areas of quality of life, satisfaction of life, and attention in those participants trained in mindfulness meditation compared with the non-meditators; however there was no difference in the areas of life satisfaction expectancy and psychological acceptance. In Final, implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future study are discussed.
The purpose of the this study was to explore the effects of the Korean version Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(K-MBSR) Program on Self-absorption, Emotional Regulation, Psychological symptom and Mindfulness Level in Defensive Self-focused attention individuals. The SDSAS, K-DERS, K-FFMQ and SCL-47 were used for screening in pre-test. Twenty Six individuals who satisfied the defensive self-focused level in this study. These individuals were assigned to the K-MBSR program group (n=9), wait-control group (n=9) or non-treated group (n=8). The K-MBSR program group participated in the K-MBSR program for eight sessions, once a week. The non-treated group was watching a video during the same period. Self-absorption, emotional regulation, psychological symptom and mindfulness level were assessed at the pre-test, post-test and 4-week follow-up periods. The result of this study was that scores of self-absorption, emotional regulation and psychological symptom in the K-MBSR program group were significantly decreased and Mindfulness Level was significantly increased more than those in the control group. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study as well as suggestions for further research were discussed.
The aim of this study was to examine whether mindfulness meditation can help individuals with symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD). The participants were 16 female undergraduate students and they were assigned to either mindfulness meditation group or a comparative group. The 8 participants in the meditation group received 8 sessions in mindfulness training, that lasted 60-70 minutes each. The 8 participants in the comparative group received 8 sessions of stress management education. that lasted 60 minutes each. Measures included Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), Stress Response Index (SRI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-16 (AAQ-16). The data analyses revealed the statistically significant difference between the Mindfulness Meditation group and comparative group on frequency, intensity and severity of abdominal symptoms. There was no difference between the two groups on any psychological variables. These results suggest that Mindfulness Meditation program can be more effective treatment for FD symptoms than general stress management education. The implications and the limitations of this study, as well as suggestions for future studies were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in decision-making ability in the internet game addict. In addition, we evaluated the behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance was evaluated. We recruited 613 undergraduate students for participation in this study. They were asked to complete the questionnaires concerned with the Internet game addiction, and selected 30 in the ‘internet game addiction group' and 31 in 'control group'. The students performed the IGT and completed the Behavioral Activation System/Behavioral Inhibition System (BAS/BIS) scale. The results showed that the Internet game addiction group performed poorly on the IGT. Internet game addiction group did not improve their chosen behaviors over time, whereas the control group showed a learning effect. The behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system had no impact on the IGT performance on those determined to be internet addicts. Finally, the limitations and suggestion for further research were discussed.
The study tansformed IGT(Iowa Gambing Task, Bechara, 2007) to the proper shape for children in order to measure level of rational decision making of human and reviewed the psychometric properties(reliability and validity). Using the total number of card selection of IGT for adults and compensation and punishment rule as they are, the program was recomposed so that children could have interests in the instruments. To collect samples, IGT was fulfilled to 17 elementary school students diagnosed as ADHD in hospital and 184 3rd ～ 6th grade students of general elementary school. Based on total score which is the core index of IGT, in the result of reviewing psychometric properties, as there was significant correlation between total scores and total money, the composition validity was partially confirmed and as the significant difference between clinical group diagnosed as ADHD and general children was observed, The criterion-related validity was also partially observed, and model for the logical validity also appeared proper. Meanwhile, relations of decision making and character trait expected to be comparatively independent were not significant and so discrimination validity can be confirmed and reliability(r=.396, p<.01) confirmed by examination and re-examination also appeared level to accept. It indicates that IGT for children can evaluate issue of decision making with trust and validity. At last, method of using IGT for children was discussed.
Based on a social comparison theory, this study aims to identify the gender differences in a body comparison' process, which is an important variable, developing body dissatisfaction and eating disorder. Fifty male and female university students participated in this experiment. They were asked to assess the body shape, attractiveness, superiority of overweight, muscular, and thin male bodies and overweight, normal, thin female bodies with VAS. The results showed that females estimated normal and thin female bodies as more attractive and superior than males did, while males estimated muscular male bodies as more attractive and superior than females did. Further, females reported more negative mood at post-experiment than pre-experiment compared to males, and higher body dissatisfaction in both pre- and post-experiment than males. These results suggest that females were influenced on body dissatisfaction through estimating idealized body as superior than their own body, but males were less influenced from idealized body.
The purpose of this study is to determine how stress, rumination, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and boundaries have a differential effect on sleep quality, which consists of sleep latency, perceived sleep quality, and sleep disturbance. In the study, 321 college students completed several measures: the Daily Stress Scale, the Major Life event Scale, the Responses to Depressed Mood Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Boundary Questionnaire, and the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale. Results showed that daily stress, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and boundaries predicted sleep quality. Sleep latency was influenced by daily stress, rumination and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep. Perceived sleep quality was influenced by dysfunctional beliefs of sleep and boundary. Sleep disturbance was influenced by daily stress, rumination and boundary. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship regarding college candidates' cognitions, coping styles and reactions to academic stresses which they should conquer at that period. In the pre-study, a 4-item questionnaire, measuring the factors of process; stressor, cognition, coping and reaction was prepared. A total of 71 freshmen of G University in Incheon participated in this survey, and the practical stress coping process was hypothetically diagrammed. According to the result, stressors are categorized with the study, human relations, and the rest. Stressor recognition types are divided into positive stimulus(eustress) and negative stimulus (distress). Coping styles are categorized with problem-centered, avoidance, group and individual activities, which are useful to judge the presence of social support. Emotional status as a result of coping is classified with success experience, irritation, internal and external-oriented reactions. This process diagram is completed with the feedback looping system and the final performance factor. In the main study, the answers of 159 students who attended the self-introduction letter revising program, which was held by G University, were analyzed. The answers to the question 'how to manage common stress' were coded according to the process, and cross tabulated. Chi-Square tests of the cognition-coping, coping-reaction, and cognition-reaction were very strongly significant as to verify the hypothetical relations. Lastly, while referring to the limitations of this study, implications for future studies were suggested.
In this study, using the Korean version of Displaced Aggression Questionnaire(K-DAQ), the relations between psychological well-being, self-esteem, somatization, depression and displaced aggression were explored. Displaced aggression denotes the phenomenon that someone expresses his or her aggression to an innocent target rather than the original provoker. The survey data of 369 university students were divided into two groups according to the level of trait displaced aggression by a high-ranked 30% group and a low-ranked 30% group. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA with social desirability as a covariance. As the results, there were significant differences between the two groups, i.e., the person with high displaced aggression showed lower psychological well-being and self-esteem, higher somatization and depressive tendency than the one with low displaced aggression. Additionally, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed significant subscales of K-DAQ, which affect each variable. Finally, the implications and limitations of the present study were discussed.
The aim of this study is to propose the conceptual framework of the determinants of forgiving-experiences vs. the forgived-experiences of adolescents, and examine the differences of determinants of forgiveness experiences by gender and school grades. In this study, the subjects were 419 adolescents who participated in youth activities in youth centers in Kyonggi area. This study performed the data mining decision tree method in order to compare the forgiveness experience determinants of adolescents, controlling for gender and school grades. The analysis outcomes indicated that there were big differences in the forgiveness experience by school grades and gender. In addition, it could be said that forgiveness actions and experiences might be the long-term adaptations and coping skills, and there were differences in adaptive strategies between male vs. female high school students. Limitations and suggestions for the future study were discussed.
This study investigated the relationship between perceived parental rearing styles, parentification, and social anxiety. In addition, researchers examined the mediating effect of parentification on negative parental rearing styles and social anxiety. The participants were 262 male and female college students, whose ages ranged from 18 years to 28 years of age. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Parker’s Parental Bonding Instrument, Parentification Questionnaire, and LaGrea’s Social Anxiety Scale. The correlational analysis results indicated that negative rearing styles of both parents were positively correlated with the social anxiety of college students. However, parental rearing styles were significantly correlated with fear of others’ evaluation and fear of general social situation among factors of social anxiety. And, perceived negative parental rearing styles were also positively correlated with parentification, while parentification was positively correlated with social anxiety. There was no significant relationship between parentification and fear of new social situation. It was found that parentification was partially mediating negative parental rearing styles and social anxiety. Results of this study were interpreted with previous studies and the Adler’s theory of individual psychology about roles of parents in sociability.
The major goal of current research was to examine the relationship among self-compassion, acceptance and psychological well-being. For the purpose, this study hypothesized that acceptance mediates the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being, selected full mediation model as a competition model, and estimated fit indices of partial mediation model. To investigate this relationship, three questionnaires were administerd to a sample of 222 university students(male=110, female=112), using K-SCS, K-AAQ-Ⅱ and K-PWBS. As a result, fit indices of research model was better than competition model, and both direct and indirect paths in general model were significant. This results showed that self-compassion influences not only psychological well-being through increased acceptance indirectly but also does directly. Application for therapeutic intervention based on the model was suggested and implications for future studies were discussed.
This study investigates how covert narcissism, self-presentational motivation, and sense of alienation are related to SNS addiction proneness. The participants were 302 male and female college students, whose ages ranged from 17 to 41. SNS addiction proneness is structured as attachment/withdrawal symptom, excessive communication/absorption, and excessive time consumption. Correlational analysis results indicated that covert narcissism was positively correlated to SNS addiction proneness, especially vulnerability of hypersensitivity and timidity/lack of confidence, as well as exploitation/self-centeredness were correlated to. In multiple regression analysis model, desire for self-acknowledgement or fantasy of self-grandeur was negatively related to SNS addiction proneness as being adjusted by other factors of covert narcissism. Feeling of sense of alienation was also positively correlated to SNS addiction proneness. Whereas, each four factors were independently significantly related to SNS addiction proneness, only helplessness and sense of loss in norms were significant predictors in multiple regression analysis model with four sub-factors of sense of alienation. In addition, their accountability was about 15.8%. Besides, self-presentational motivation was not significantly correlated to SNS addiction proneness. Based on these results, researchers suggested the discussion and information for further studies.