I assert that psychology is a hub of convergence and positive approach which can be a promising problem solver for new challenges in Korea. Organismic (or systemic) World Hypothesis and Integrative System Theory are proposed as a frame for the understanding of convergence approach. Maum model is constructed in order to integrate and connect various kinds of theories in psychology. Implications are discussed in relation to the Integrative System Theory and Maum model when addictive problems are explained as a self-regulation failure syndrome.
The purpose of this study is to explore effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT) on Social Avoidance and Self-Focused Attention of College Student with Speech Anxiety. Four hundred students of colleges located in Chonbuk province completed Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Self Focused Attention, Speech Anxiety Scale, 22 students who selected by those scales were randomly assigned to 11 in the ACT group and 11 in the control group. ACT program was administered for 8 session. Self-Focused Attention, and Social Avoidance, speech Anxiety were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up periods. The results of this study were as follow: Social Avoidance, Self-Focused Attention, and Speech Anxiety of therapy group was decreased more than those of the control group. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.
This study was performed to analyze the characteristics and effect sizes of intervention studies on psychosocial rehabilitation. For meta-analysis, electronic literature searches were being conducted for PubMed, CINAH, RISS, Naver academic, KISS, NDSL, Nanet, Kci, DBpia, KoreaMed. Out of the 586 studies identified, 24 were used to estimate effect size with the RevMan 5.0 program of Cochrane library. Various interventions were integrated with the rehabilitation programs, social skill training programs, emotion administration training programs, social adaptation training programs, daily living skill programs and vocational rehabilitation programs. The effect size using random model effect was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.38) for interpersonal relationship, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.47) for problem solving, 0.03 (95% CI: -0.93, 1.00) for social behavior. This study suggest that psychosocial rehabilitation program can increase interpersonal relationships, problem solving and social behaviors.
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT) on Interpersonal Anxiety, Stress Coping Style, and Social Self-Efficacy of College Students with Interpersonal Anxiety. Three hundred students of university located in Chonbuk province completed Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS), The Ways of Coping Checklist, Social Self-Efficacy Scale(SSES) and Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ). Eighteen patients who selected by those scales were randomly assigned to 9 in the ACT group and 9 in the control group. ACT program was administered for 8 sessions. All participants completed Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS), The Ways of Coping Checklist, Social Self-Efficacy Scale(SSES) and Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ) at pre-test, post-test, and at 5 weeks follow-up periods. The results of this study were as follows: interpersonal anxiety, emotion-alleviative coping style of therapy group were decreased more than those of the control group, and problem focused coping style, social self-efficacy of therapy group were increased in therapy group. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Trait Forgiveness Scale (ITFS) for adolescents. The sample consisted of 1,533 students in the 10th grade. Participants have completed the ITFS, Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM), Spielberger Anxiety and Anger Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results revealed that the ITFS scores were associated with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α=.79) and test-retest reliability (r=.75). Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor structure underlying the ITFS. The ITFS was also significantly correlated with other forgiveness measures (HFS and TRIM) supporting its convergent validity. Finally, the criterion-related validity of the ITFS was supported with being negatively correlated with measures of anger, anxiety, and depression. Overall, these results provide support for the reliability and validity of the ITFS scores. Implications and limitations of the study were also discussed.
The aim of this research is to verify the mediated effects of body shame when thin-ideal internalization and physical comparison affect disordered eating behavior. For this research, a survey was conducted targeting female undergraduates of K-university in Chung-Nam and Dae-Jeon, South Korea. Data of 280 undergraduates were analyzed. In order to sort out female undergraduates who have a possibility of disordered eating behavior, the Korean Eating Attitude Test-26 (KEAT-26) was used which have been standardized what Garner and Garfinkel developed and amended. To measure the internalization of thin-ideal internalization, Sociocultural Attitudes toward Appearance Scale (SATAS) was used, which was a test that Jung-Shin Moon has adapted from what Cusumano and Thompson developed. To measure the physical comparison, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale(PACS), which was a test that Eun-Jung Son has adapted what Tantleff developed, and Specific Attributes Comparison Scale(SACS), which was a test that Eun-Jung Son adapted what Tiggermann and Mcgill developed, were used. To measure body shame, eight questions regarding body shame from the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, developed by Mickinley and Hyde, were used, which were a test that Eun-Jung Son has adapted. A correlation analysis and a multiple regression analysis were conducted by the PASW 18.0 program using collected data. The consequences of this research are follows: First, thin-ideal internalization and physical comparison had a significantly positive correlation with disordered eating behavior, as well as with body shame. Body shame, also, had a significantly positive correlation with disordered eating behavior. These consequences show that disordered eating behaviors of female undergraduates could increase due to body shame particularly when they have a high level of thin-ideal internalization and physical comparison. Second, the body shame was partially mediated between the thin-ideal internalization and physical comparison and the disordered eating behavior. Consequently, it is crucial to decrease the level of thin-ideal internalization and physical comparison, however first step is to educate females about their physical appearance so that they can decrease the level of body shame, which implies that eating disorder caused by disordered eating behavior can finally decrease. Likewise, further discussion and proposals for following researches are proposed.
The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of general characteristics, depression and social support of HIV- infected people to their quality of life. To achieve the purpose, 11 medical institutions were selected out of 14 institutions participating in a consultation project for HIV-infected people, which is part of a program conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012. Under the approval of the people in charge of the institutions, a total of 155 HIV-infected people receiving medical consultations in said institutions responded to the survey after listening to the explanation of the objective of this study as well as providing written consent for the study. The findings of this study are as follows. Regarding the correlation within depression, social support and quality of life among the HIV-infected people, the quality of life was lower when the degree of depression was higher, and the quality of life was higher when social support was higher. Looking into the influence factors affecting the quality of life of HIV-infected people, sex, age, educational level, economic level and infectious period explain 14.8% of the quality of life(F=3.65, p<.01), 38.9%(F=11.64, p<.001) when the factor of depression was added and 47.8%(F=14.73, p<.001) when the factor of social support was included. Social support was very important for HIV-infected people, who usually have lower self-esteem due to negative social marking, in addition depression was also a significant factor in their quality of life. In conclusion, it is essential to prepare various social support systems in order to improve the quality of life for HIV-infected people.
This study aims to examine the roles of self-disclosure and downward social comparison in stresses and mental health factors or suicidal ideation of the elderly. Participants were 399 elderly men and women who were at least 65 years of age whose average age was 73.37 (SD=5.78). For this study, stresses in senescence, self-disclosure, downward social comparison, hopelessness, depression, and suicidal ideation were measured. Results indicated that the stress in senescence was positively related to self-disclosure and downward social comparison as well as hopelessness, depression, and suicidal ideation. However, self-disclosure and downward social comparison was also positively related to hopelessness, depression, and suicidal ideation. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that self-disclosure and downward social comparison were not mediating between the stress in senescence and mental health factors, such as hopelessness and depression. However, they were mediating between the stress in senescence and suicidal ideation. In the structural equation model, downward social comparison was mediating not only the stress in senescence but also self-disclosure to suicidal ideation of the elderly. Meanwhile, direct effect of the stress in senescence on suicidal ideation was stronger than the direct effect of mental health factors, such as hopelessness and depression. Results of this study suggested downward social comparison is a determinant variable which has negative roles in suicidal ideation of the elderly. Finally, the roles of downward social comparison was discussed with previous studies and Korean collectivism.
This study investigated the intellectual functioning and its relationship to schizotypal symptoms in nonclinical female college students with schizotypal personality traits. Based on the scores of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the schizotypal trait (n=20) and normal control (n=20) groups were being selected. The Korean-Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS) was administered for the measurement of intelligence functioning. Compared to the normal control group, the schizotypal trait group exhibited significantly lower Total IQ and Performance IQ. In addition, schizotypal trait group showed lower scores on the Arithmetic, Comprehension, Picture Completion and Picture Arrangement than normal controls. In terms of relationships between intellectual functioning and schizotypic symptoms in schizotypal trait group, negative correlations were observed between Arithmetic and Cognitive-Perceptual factor, between Picture Arrangement and Interpersonal factor, and between Object Assembly and Interpersonal factor. Scores on the Arithmetic were negatively correlated with the SPQ total scores. In addition, the scores of Arithmetic and Picture arrangement significantly predict the total score of SPQ. These results indicate that the intellectual functioning is impaired for nonclinical individuals with schizotypal trait, and, particularly, these individuals seem to have difficulties in attention/concentration, social sensitivity, interpersonal relationships or ability to cope with problems in social situations. In addition, the performances on Arithmetic and Picture arrangement could serve as predictors for high-risks of schizospectrum disorders.