This paper deals with fundamental questions how we should understand and approach the gambling addiction problems optimally. We attempted to define the nature of gambling behaviors first and to understand gambling addiction as an extreme class of behaviors on a behavioral continuum. This frame of reference would allow researchers to diagnose, classify, and evaluate gambling problems clearly, and to estimate prevalence rate and incidence rate more accurately from a perspective of behavioral sciences. Also, we emphasized to get out of a dichotomy in classifying gambling behaviors(i.e., either pathological or non-pathological). In addition, we introduced multi-agent and multi-level approaches to understanding gambling problems. With these approaches, each of the agents pertinent to the gambling problems can take its own responsibility and collaborate with other agents to solve the problems together. Also it is a proper time to develop a new scale overcoming the limitations of existing scales. So we presented several cautions in developing new scales for evaluating gambling problems. Lastly, in building a gambling policy, the estimation of prevalence and incidence rate is an important issue. So we suggested various ways for accurate estimation of prevalence and incidence rates reflecting the nature of gambling problems.
This paper deals with how we solve the gambling addiction problems of Koreans effectively in terms of responsibility and coping. Different responsibilities and coping roles among stake holders were proposed based on causal role of gambling problems and coping effectiveness. Pathological gamblers and their family members, gaming industries, government, and researchers should try to solve gambling problems of Koreans cooperatively based on neutral research results and risk governance.
The purpose of this study is to discover the family and personal variable of internet addicted young adults. The family-related variables are the parenting attitudes of parents, communication, family cohesiveness and the self-related variables are problem-solving skills, self-control capacity, depression . Participants of this study were 950 middle schooland high school students sampled from the metropolitan area. We analyzed correlation relation of diverse variables and internet addiction . parenting attitudes of parents, communication, family cohesiveness, problem-solving skills, self-control capacity with internet addiction are negative correlation, anddepression with internet addiction is positive correlation. We analyzed regression to find the effect of internet addiction.The order of explanation force aredepression. self-control capacity, communication pattern and problem-solving ability.
This study was to investigate the effects of prevalence and social comparison while others' health behaviors influence one's health behavior. For this purpose, we chose healthy dieting as the target behavior and asked the participants to estimate prevalence of healthy dieting among their friends and among Koreans of their ages. We also measured self-improvement motive as a social comparison tendency, healthy dieting of the participants, in addition to attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Three months later, the participants reported the prevalence and frequencies of their healthy diet behaviors for the second time. The results showed that the more a participant estimated the prevalence of healthy diet behavior among Koreans of their ages, the higher his/her healthy dieting, which pattern was significant among the people with high level of self-improve motive. Also, the interaction effect increased variance of explanation in addition to the effects of the factors which were suggested as the predictors of behavior by Theory of Planned Behavior. Finally, the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of perfectionism, impulsivity, diet, and binge-eating behavior. The subjects were young women consisted of undergraduate students and working women(n=290), and the measures used were Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(MPS), Function Impulsivity and Dysfunctional Impulsivity Scale(FIDIS), restrained eating scale in Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnare(DEBQ) and Bulimia test (BULIT-R). The results of this study were summarized as follows: First, as the subject had more serious diet habit, more impulsivity, and higher socially prescribed perfectionism. binge eating behavior more increased. Second, there was significant interaction between socially prescribed perfectionism and impulsivity on binge eating behavior. In other words, binge eating behavior more increased when socially prescribed perfectionism and impulsivity increased altogether. Third, among diet, impulsivity, socially prescribed perfectionism, diet more predicted binge eating behavior. These results suggest that perfectionism, impulsivity and diet are important variable to influence binge eating behavior. The limitations and implications of this study and the directions for further study were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of perfectionism, impulsivity, diet, and binge-eating behavior. The subjects were young women consisted of undergraduate students and working women(n=290), and the measures used were Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(MPS), Function Impulsivity and Dysfunctional Impulsivity Scale(FIDIS), restrained eating scale in Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnare(DEBQ) and Bulimia test (BULIT-R). The results of this study were summarized as follows: First, as the subject had more serious diet habit, more impulsivity, and higher socially prescribed perfectionism. binge eating behavior more increased. Second, there was significant interaction between socially prescribed perfectionism and impulsivity on binge eating behavior. In other words, binge eating behavior more increased when socially prescribed perfectionism and impulsivity increased altogether. Third, among diet, impulsivity, socially prescribed perfectionism, diet more predicted binge eating behavior. These results suggest that perfectionism, impulsivity and diet are important variable to influence binge eating behavior. The limitations and implications of this study and the directions for further study were discussed.
The purpose of the study was to examine effects of runaway adolescents' self-disclosure about traumatic experience on negative emotional experience and intrusion. 46 runaway adolescences divided into two conditions. In experimental condition, participants were asked to disclosure innermost feeling and thought about their own traumatic experience for twenty minutes with three days. In control condition, participants were asked to write down about their recent daily schedules. To check the effects of self-disclosure, negative emotional experience and intrusive thinking and emotion measured three-times, before the writing, right after the writing and one week afterward the writing. Results of the study showed that writing about traumatic experience decreased negative emotional experience. And it's effects was much larger at the one week afterward than that of the right after the writing. Intrusive thinking and emotion decreased to marginal level. In contents analysis using by the K-LIWC, it was suggested that effects of the self-disclosure was mediated by the cognitive understanding of traumatic events. Results of the study were discussed in relation with previous and future studies.
The purpose of the study was to examine effects of runaway adolescents' self-disclosure about traumatic experience on negative emotional experience and intrusion. 46 runaway adolescences divided into two conditions. In experimental condition, participants were asked to disclosure innermost feeling and thought about their own traumatic experience for twenty minutes with three days. In control condition, participants were asked to write down about their recent daily schedules. To check the effects of self-disclosure, negative emotional experience and intrusive thinking and emotion measured three-times, before the writing, right after the writing and one week afterward the writing. Results of the study showed that writing about traumatic experience decreased negative emotional experience. And it's effects was much larger at the one week afterward than that of the right after the writing. Intrusive thinking and emotion decreased to marginal level. In contents analysis using by the K-LIWC, it was suggested that effects of the self-disclosure was mediated by the cognitive understanding of traumatic events. Results of the study were discussed in relation with previous and future studies.
The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effects of behavioral autonomy on the relationship between parental separation-individuation / attachment and positive emotion /negative emotion. For these, 211 children ages 12 ( 104 boys and 107 girls in 6th grade) were assessed on parental separation-individuation, parental attachment, behavioral autonomy, positive affect, happiness, depression, anxiety. Data were analysed through structure equational modeling. The results indicated that behavioral autonomy mediated fully the effect of separation-individuation on positive and negative emotion. But separation-individuation did not have direct effect on positive and negative emotion. In conclusion, although level of separation-individuation was higher, elevated the level of behavioral autonomy was related to children's satisfaction and happy feeling. Additionally stable attachment directly affected positive and negative emotion. And behavioral autonomy mediated fully the effect on attachment and positive and negative emotion. The limitation of this study were discussed with suggestion for future study.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-disclosure on emotion according to the level of rumination. The hypothesis of this study was as follows: the effect of self-disclosure on emotion would be significant in the condition that the level of rumination is low, whereas not significant in the condition that the level of that is high. To test the hypotheses, a 2×2 ANOVA with rumination(frequency 1/3) and self-disclosure(frequency 1/3) as between-participants factors was performed on positive and negative emotion. Fifty three undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The main hypothesis was supported. The results were as follows. The interaction between factors was significant and showed that, in the lower condition of rumination, negative emotion was lower in the higher condition of self-disclosure than in the lower condition of that. In the higher condition of rumination, however, negative emotion was not difference between in the lower and higher condition of that. These results suggest that the effect of self-disclosure on emotion is moderated by the level of rumination, indicating that self-disclosure affect positively emotion, only when the level of rumination is low. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestion for future research were also discussed.
This study is to investigate the effect of Integral Group Counseling with supplementary procedure of yoga-meditation as a preliminary approach to develop an integral group counseling program. In the group program of this study, the yoga exercise and meditation were included in each weekly group sessions, along with the group members' invdividual log for yoga-meditation reported to the counselor's weekly in-session feedbacks. The major results of the study are in such that, upon completion of 10 group sessions of college students(n=9), the pre-post reduction rate of anxiety-depression-anger affects measured by MAACL turned out significant thus supporting the main tenet of the Integral Counseling approach. Some implications relevant to this results and limitations of the study were discussed.
Recent research suggests that driving anger is an important psychological determinant of traffic accidents and violations in a variety of driving settings. The purpose of the present study was to develop a valid and reliable driving anger scale and to investigate the relationship between the driving anger and overspeed driving in Korea. Based on the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) proposed by Deffenbacher and colleagues (1994), a Korean version of Driving Anger Scale (K-DAS) was developed to reflect the traffic and road conditions in Korea. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis on the data from 1,125 adult Korean drivers revealed a 6 factor structure of driving anger scale. In study 2, which employed 410 adult Korean drivers, the 6 factor structure of the scale was cross-validated through confirmatory factor analysis, and its predictive utility was examined. The Results from a confirmatory factor analysis showed satisfactory fitness of 6 factor model. Moreover, a multiple regression analysis indicated that the six factors of the K-DAS well predicted overspeed driving in Korea. In study 3, which employed 476 adult Korean drivers, the results from multiple regression analysis showed the addition of driving anger led to the significant increment in explaining overspeed driving in amount of explained variance in attitude toward overspeed driving, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research were discussed.
This study aimed to develop a stress hardness scale focusing on behavior that can be easily modified. The scale consists of 103 items total, and 9 subscales based on Cranwell-Ward's vulnerability scales. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and higher-order factor analysis yielded 56 items with 9 subordinates and 3 high positions: Healthy life habit - healthy food (4 items), non-smoking (8 items), excercise (7 items), drinking (6 items); competence in relationship - competence in family relationship (8 items), social competence (7 items); and general attitude - leisure life (3 items), attitude of life (5 items), academic competence (8 items). The participants were 356 university students who enrolled psychology class in two universities located in seoul area. The stress hardness scale seemed highly reliable and its level of validity was acceptable. Finally, some suggestions for further research are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(K-PTGI). 808 participants(664 normal adults including university students and 144 PTSD patients) were asked to complete the K-PTGI, psychological well-being scale, impact of event scale, multidimensional coping scale, social desirability scale, Beck depression inventory, and state-trait anxiety inventory. The result of factor analysis of K-PTGI suggested 4 factor(Changes of Self-perception, The increase of Interpersonal depth, Finding new possibilities, The increase of Spiritual interest) structures indicating that similar factor structures exist for both the PTGI and K-PTGI, although some cross-cultural differences were suggested. The results showed high internal consistency, test-retest and reliability. The result also showed that participants’ posttraumatic growth was positively correlated to psychological well-being, positive coping and was negatively correlated to depression and state anxiety, negative coping. But, that was unrelated to social desirability, trait-anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Additionally, the result showed that the group of PTSD patients experienced significantly lower level of posttraumatic growth than the group of normal students who had experienced trauma. This study showed K-PTGI has convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity. Finally, limitations of this study were discussed in relation with future studies.