This article examines the relationship of stress, parent-adolescent communication and suicide ideation among adolescent. In result, stress had positive effect on suicide ideation. In other words, the higher stress level is, the more suicide ideation is performed. Another finding is that parent-adolescent communication had negative effect on suicide ideation. The mediation effect of parent-adolescent communication was supported. These results means that parent-adolescent communication buffer against the effect of life-stress which everyone experience on suicide ideation. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this research were discussed. Based on the limitation of this study, several directions for future research were also suggested.
Death anxiety has been considered as having multidimensional structure but not single dimension. Multi-dimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) of Hoelter(1979) consists of 8 subscales reflecting multiple death anxiety. This study aims to validate and examine structure of the MFODS in a South Korean sample cross-culturelly. A sample of volunteer 312 over 20 years old and 181 above 40 years of age was analysed. Although 42 items of the Scale have shrunk into 29 items by empirical analysis, the original seven-factor structure of the MFODS was replicated in the Korean sample except Fear of Conscious Death, which seems to be inappropriate in the Korean Culture. The seven-factor structure of this study include Fear of the Dying Process, Fear of the Dead, Fear of Being Destroyed, Fear of Significant Others, Fear of the Unknown, Fear for Body after Death, and Fear of Premature Death. Internal consistency of the MFODS was .89, test-retest reliability was .62. MFODS has a significant positive correlation with Templer death anxiety scale(r=.70) and Templer death depression scale(r=.66). But Fear of Being Destroyed could be simply reflection negative attitude about organ donation. Six dimension except fear of conscious death and negative attitude about organ donation seems to be appropriate in the korean culture. The present results also indicated the possibility of different age effect on the structure of death anxiety.
The purpose of this study was as followings. First, it was to recognize the differences of personality traits between addicted Internet games' group and control group. The personality traits have been consist of temperament and impulsiveness. Second, it was to identify the difference of decision-making traits between addicted Internet games' group and control group. The decision-making traits have been consist of executive function and Iowa Gambling Task. The results were as followings. First, addicted games' group were significantly high impulsivity than control group and the difference of novelty seeking among temperament was significant between addicted Internet games' group and control group. Second, the executive function in prefrontal lobe was not revealed the difference between addicted Internet games' group and control group. But it showed that decision-making deficits exhibited by addicted game users. Findings from this study show addicted game users shows that more impulsiveness and novelty seeking tendency than non addicted Internet game users. The addicted Internet game users's decision-making ability was more low than non addicted Internet game users. But the executive function's impairment were not revealed. That is, biological difference is not existed in prefrontal lobe's function. But these findings should be interpreted cautiously. It is needed more various neuropsychological testing implement afterward and clinicians must make a new treatment program for addicted games' uses.
It was hypothesized that the mismatch between self-guide and regulatory focus would increase the level of self-related emotional distress. More specifically, it was hypothesized that the mismatch between ideal self-guide and prevention focus activated dejection-related emotion(depression) and the mismatch between ought self-guide and promotion focus increase the level of agitation-related emotion(anxiety). To examine the hypothesis, we manipulated both of self-guides and regulatory foci orthogonally through a laboratory experiment. The experimental design was 3 self-guides(ideal self-guide, ought self-guide, no self-guide) × 3 regulatory foci(promotion focus, prevention focus, no focus) complete factorial design. Self-guides were primed first, and then regulatory foci were framed according to the Higgins' paradigm. One hundred and thirty five college students were randomly assigned to 9 experimental conditions. The main findings from this experiment were as follow: (1) The dejection-related emotion was highest under the mismatch condition between ideal self-guide and prevention focus than those of the other conditions. (2) The agitation-related emotion was highest under the mismatch condition between ought-guide and promotion focus than those of the other conditions. The results of this study were discussed in terms of Higgins' self-discrepancy theory and regulatory focus theory. The suggestions for future studies were also added.
This study aims to examine the effects of yoga practice on stress responses including anger and anxiety, in order to provide valuable information to people who were practicing yoga and clinician dealing with patients' stress related diseases. The participants in this quasi-experimental study were 48 female employees (22 in treatment group and 26 in waiting-list control group) of a department store. The subjects in treatment group participated 9-week yoga program in which they had to attend 75-minutes yoga class once a week and practice another 2 sessions in their residences. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Life Experiences Survey, Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Stress Response Inventory. Results indicated that yoga group had relatively lower state anger than the control group after treatment. There was improvement in another stress responses parameters like reduction in tension, fatigue, and perceived somatic symptom after yogic practices. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of anxiety, aggressiveness, or depression. The results of this study indicated that yoga has positive effects on stress by mitigating anger as well as relieving physical responses such as tension and weariness. Therefore, it can be suggested that yoga will be intentionally used as a means of coping with stress and improving quality of life.
Apposed to existing view that all the internet addicts seem to homogeneous, it is assumed that some features of internet addicts vary with their internet user type. Based on this assumption, 456 middle and high school students were recruited and divided into internet addicts and non-addicts, then each group were divided again into relation-oriented users and individual-oriented users. Positivity of peer relation and the level of perceived reality of cyberspace of these four groups were compared. The results supported almost all hypotheses. Non-addicts showed more positive peer relation and lower level of perceived reality of cyberspace than addicts. The relation-oriented users showed more positive peer relation than the individual-oriented users. And the interaction effects of user type and addiction level were found on the two dependent variables respectively. These effects indicated that the difference of peer relation and perceived reality of cyberspace between internet addicts and non-addicts depends on their internet user type. Finally, significance and limitations of present study were discussed.
Since psychiatric vocational rehabilitation was newly incorporated into the field of mental health, its continual growth has been in the hands of mental health workers. However, transition from medical to rehabilitative approaches is not smoothly progressing because most of mental health professionals have devoted themselves only to treatment activities based on medical model. The resultant problems includes the disproportion of psychosocial services to vocational services, demoralization of professionals, and attitudinal differences among mental health workers. Attitudinal differences among team members can have detrimental effects for the vocational success of persons with psychiatric disability, given that team approach is essential in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation. In this context, the authors attempted to determine whether attitudinal differences were present among mental health workers towards the job characteristics of persons with psychiatric disability. The results indicated that their attitudes toward job demand and crisis-relief accommodation varied significantly with professional affiliation but no attitudinal difference in person-to-person supports and consistency of job condition occurred as a function of professional affiliation. Particularly, the consistent pattern of findings over the iterms of job demand was that clinical psychologists and psychiatrists tended to hold more conservative attitudes towards the working of persons with psychiatric disability than mental health nurses and social workers, but attitudes among clinical psychologists and psychiatrists or among mental health nurses and social worker, were almost identical. These findings empirically supported previous reports that strongly treatment-oriented mental health workers tend to be overprotective towards persons with psychiatric disability. Implications, limitations, and considerations for future study were discussed.
In the present study, we tried to establish the stages to be used in the conceptualization on the disability identity for the first time, which could propose a new paradigm for understanding disability. The concept of disability identity was drawn by inductive method. The experience of impairment and the contextual meaning was classified according to the categorized stage. To classify the stages of disability identity, we performed literature reviewing on the identity and the minority identity and tried to perform contents analysis based upon the focus group interview and in-depth interviews on the persons with spinal cord injury. As a result, the stages of disability identity could exhibit the changes in psycho-social effects : confirmity, dissonance, resistance and immersion, introspection and integrative awareness. In addition, according to the stages acquired from the analysis of interview contents, disability identity showed universality and specialty; hierarchy and continuity. Finally, we could suggest that both subjective and objective self constitute the disability identity, which could make us to understand the psycho-emotional effect on the disability from social perspective. Taken together, the present study could propose the theoretical basis for the further studies on the conceptualization for the first time.
The Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale(GABS; Breen & Zuckerman, 1994) was designed to assess a latent affinity for gambling and chasing behavior as one of the central characteristics of the behavior of pathological gamblers. The purposes of present study were to investigate validity and to explore the factor structure of the GABS among 559 residents who live in the location of legalized casinos, and 388 college students who live in other city. The subjects completed three self-administered questionnaires(the GABS, K-NODS, and the frequency of gambling behavior). The results were as follows; Principal axes factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the GABS. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the GABS and gambling-related problems and the frequency of gambling behavior. The subjects who belonged to problem and pathological gambling groups were higher on the GABS than the subjects who belonged to risk group and non-risk group of gambling. In conclusion, concurrent validity of the GABS with other assessment tools that focus on gambling-related problem was significant. It was suggested that the GABS may serve as a an index of gambling-problem severity as well as a general measure of affinity to gambling. The nagative impacts of legalized casino industry on community where the casino located were discussed.