A study on psychosocial rehabilitations for cardiac patients was studied. Cardiac rehabilitation provides formal treatment for physical and psychosocial sequela of myocardial infarction(MI). In this study, three psychosocial strategies are critically examined, including social support, Type A behavior modification, and reduction of hostility. Data generally support the value of cardiac rehabilitation as a method for improving the quality of life among post-MI patients. And also data demonstrate that cardiac rehabilitation prolong life or significantly reverse the blocking of coronary artery in post-MI patients compared with routine medical care.
Gray(1981, 1982) holds that 2 general motivational systems underlie behavior and affect: a behavioral activation system(BAS) and a behavioral inhibition system(BIS). Carver and White(1994) developed the BIS/BAS scale to assess stable individual differences in BIS and BAS sensitivities, An attempt was made to develop the Korean version of BAS/BIS scales. The internal consistency and factorial structures of the scales were investigated with 373 male and female college students(study 1). In study 2, the convergent and discriminant validity in the form of correlations with alternative measures were reported(for 373 and 405 college students & 215 female college students sample). The predictive validity was evaluated with 385 junior high school students and 215 female college students. The reliability of the Korean version of BAS/BIS scale was fairly high and factorial structures of the scale were consistent with those of U.S. version. Both convergent and discriminant validity of the scale were satisfactory. Also the predictive validity of the scale was good. The results of this study were discussed in relation to the improvement and applicability of the scale.
This study assessed the ability of the theory of planned behavior(TPB) to account for drivers' intention and behavior of speed-limit violation, comparing the theory of rasoned action(TRA) and the other alternative models including the predictors such as past speed behavior, habit, moral obligation. A sample of drivers(N=411) was surveyed with questionnaire, measuring attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, past behavior for 1 year, habit, obligation, and behavior intention and current speed-limit violation behavior for 1 month. The results of this study showed that the TPB explained better than theory of reasoned action for drivers' intention and behavior of speed-limit violation. Specially, the addition of perceived behavior control to TRA led to the significant increments in amount of explained variance in intentions(8%) and behavior(15%) of speed-limit violation, respectively. The TPB explained better than any other models for drivers' intention and behavior of speed-limit violation, although the addition of habit led to equal increments(8.6%) in explaining intention and the addition of past behavior led to more increments(20.8%) in explaining the speed-limit violation behavior. In all models, the attitude led not to significant increments in explained variance for intention. These results were discussed in terms of the author's previous investigation for drinking and driving. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
Using the database of vehicle accidents and traffic density on the Korean highway network during the last two years(1999-2000), the present study evaluates the relation between the hourly distribution of the relative risk (relative hourly probability of accidents corrected for traffic density) on the highway vehicle accidents and the circadian rhythm of sleepiness. It is found that the relative risk (for all the 3 categories: # of cases, # of the wounded, # of deaths) in the hours of 00-06h and 22-24h is significantly higher than in the rest of the hours, and that the relative risk is the highest during the 02-04h, then 04-06h / 00-02h, and then 22-24h. It is noticeable that in the category of # deaths, the relative risk of 02-04h(the peak) is more than 14 times higher than that of 12-14h(the trough). While based on based on the total accidents of all causes, the hourly distribution of the relative risk in the present study closely corresponds not only with the circadian rhythm of sleepiness/alertness but also with the other findings on the sleep-ascribed vehicle accidents (Garbarino et al., 2001: Home & Reyne, 2001). It is interpreted that sleepiness could be an important contributing factor in Korean highway vehicle accidents.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between drinking problems and psychosocial risk factors, and to identify the determinant to develop prediction model among them. In the first part of the study, the twenty five candidates for determining factors are investigated through the 'Data Mining Answer Tree' with 212 students and 386 adults. In the other part of this study, nine determinants derived from analysis 1-presonality (extraversion, novelty seeking, anxiety & hostility), peer pressure(exposure to family & peer group), drinking motivation(enhancement, coping & social motive) - are compared through the 'Neural Connection'. And then those results are discussed in terms of clinical utility in the prediction and prevention of alcohol misuse and it's problem.
This study focused on the following two objectives. The main objective of this study was to verify causal relationship among stressors(organizational antecedents to stress), job stress, and organizational effectiveness. In addition to this we investigated the possibility that characteristics of the individual and property of the situation can moderate the effects of stressors. The data were collected from 454 blue-color workers in small and medium sized manufacturing companies. The results of covariance structure analysis of the hypothetical model which contained 7 exogenous variables(physical environment, supervisors' management style, intra- and inter-group conflict, shift working, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload) and 3 endogenous variables(job stress, job satisfaction, and job performance) suggested a good fit between the hypothetical model and the data(GFI=.957, AGFI=.947, NFI=.937). To testify the effects of moderating variables, the incremental contribution of R2 provided by interaction terms add to the model was evaluated. The results revealed that the incremental change in R2 of some interaction terms are significant, however, magnitude of the explained variance was small. The implication, some possible limits, and the future directions of the present study were discussed.
The present research is designed to examine the effective stress coping style corresponding to situational factors and propose the dynamic psychological theory of stress coping. 10 scenarios describing stress situations were developed varying on the 3 dimensions of stressor, locus(internal vs. external), stability(temporal vs. enduring), context(individual vs. interpersonal). Participants completed a depression scale (CED-S) and recorded their expected reaction to each stress situation presented in scenarios. In temporal stress situations, the less depressed(more social adaptive) people did take active rather than passive coping styles and behavioral rather than cognitive and affective coping styles. In enduring stress situations, the less depressive people did take approach to avoidance coping styles and cognitive coping was preferred more by the less depressive than the more depressive. The results supported the hypothesis that the adaptively-effective coping is a style varying depending on situational factors rather than a trait consistent across situations. Furthermore, the present findings suggested the importance of coping flexibility in successful social adaptation.
This article presents the outcome of a multi-componential behavioral weight control program for childhood obesity. The program includes self-monitoring, goal setting and contracting, stoplight diet, exercise, stimulus contact, etc. Twenty-two children completed this 12 -week group format program and 11 mothers volunteered to participate in a 4 week program for parents and contact the therapist at least once per week to help their obese children. Thus, the children were divided into two groups mother- participating and non-participating group. The results revealed that the program helped children control their weight and enhanced physical fitness. Mother's participation did not add improvements in weight change or fitness. The children whose mother attended the program, however, showed increased self-worth upon completing the program whereas the other children did not. The limitations of this study are listed and suggestions to enhance the efficacy of the weight control program are discussed.
The purposes of the present study were to explore for the cluster analysis of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) responses and to examine the effect of eating patterns on counter-regulation. The participants were famale college students(n=144). The results of DEBQ cluster analysis was consistent with Lee(1997); it showed three patterns of eating groups; the Normal Eating Group, the Restrained Eating Group, and the Emotional/External Eating Group. It was a standard counter-regulation experiment. Three kinds of icecream were used for experimental materials. In the preload condition the participants of Emotional/External Eating Group ate more than in nonpreload condition; therefore they showed counter-regulation in preload condition. But in the preload condition the particpants of Restrained Eating Group did not show disreguation in preload condition It suggested that in the high calory preload condition tie Restrained Eating Group regulated eating amount of food better than the Emotional/External Eating Group. The relation of emotional/external eating to counter-regulatory eating was discussed.
This study assessed the ability of the theory of planned behavior(TPB) to account for intention and behavior of restraind eating, comparing other alternative models. A sample of university students (N=636) was surveyed with questionnaire constructed to measure attitude toward behavior, subjective norms. perceived behavior control, self-focused attention, and behavior intention and restrained eating behavior. Results showed the substitution self-focused attention for perceived behavior led to the most significant increments in amount of explained variance in intentions and the most significant increments in restrained eating behavior, thereby supporting other model instead of TPB. An alterative model was suggested at the based at findings. The limitations of this study and future directions for further study were discussed.