At a recent workshop, several South Korean scholars discussed the difficulties and importance of knowing the number of addicted gamblers in Korean order to address issues related to pathological gambling. First, it is important to agree on the definition of a gambling addict. Several perspectives were presented including that of the clinical definition of a pathological gambler and a definition that was dependent on the negative impact gambling had on a person’s life, which could be financial, familial, business related, etc. Each of these perspectives required the use of a different measurement system, such as the CPGI or SOGS. It was decided that a standard definition and index was needed in order to standardize estimations, reduce confusion, and ease the burden placed on researchers. Survey sampling methods also affect estimations based on surveys. Koreans generally use a quota sampling method, but a random sampling method is more scientific and is the international standard. The phrasing of survey questions also affects whether or not people answer. A survey on "leisure activities" is more likely to be answered than one on "gambling." The workshop was successful in encouraging dialogue between Korean scholars in order to begin to address these issues.
The present study attempted to develop and validate the adolescents mobile phone addiction scale. Participants for the adolescents mobile phone addiction scale were 456 high school students. Using factor analysis, 32 items were finally selected for the adolescents mobile addiction scale. The internal consistency(Cronbach ⍺) was .94. The scale extracted 4 factors: endurance and withdrawl, life difficulty, compulsion and preoccupation. It was confirmed the concurrent validity of the scale by self-control, impulsivity, loness, and depression, all of which have been validated by previous research. In conclusion, the adolescents mobile phone addiction scale appears to be a highly reliable and valid measure of mobile phone addicted adolescents. The results of AMOS analyses show that the existing samples were supported by the data from the cross-validation. Finally, we discussed the limitation of this study and the direction of future research.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Korean Game Addiction Scale for children and adolescents. Data from a representative sample of 3,115 children and adolescents residing in Korea were analyzed to identify the factor structure and reliability of the scale. In addition, criterion-related evidence of validity (concurrent and convergent) was examined. Consistent with our theoretical assumptions, the Korean Game Addiction Scale revealed a stable higher order factor structure (second order-one factor, first order-seven factors), and the reliability of the scale was high (average Cronbach's alpha = .84, six week test-retest reliability = .75). The scale was also showed high levels of concurrent and convergent validity. Implications of the findings and directions for future research on game addiction are discussed.
This study tested to psychological models of the theory of planned behavior(Ajzen, 1991) and explored an alternative psychological model to explain internet addiction behavior of adolescence. A sample of 570 adolescence was surveyed for research and data was analyzed through multiple regression analysis and structural equation model analysis. In the TPB, attitude, subjective norm explained 17.9% and in the alternative model, attitude, subjective norm, mindfulness explained 21.3% of internet behavior intention. In the internet addiction behavior, TPB and alternative model, explained 27.9% and 33.8% of behavior. This result implies advantages of alternative model in prediction of internet addiction behavior compared to TPB. Based on this result, the last section of the thesis discussed the limit of the research and suggestion for future study.
The purpose of this study is to do a preliminary study on validity estimates of the Korean version of Disgust Scale(DS). Participants were 229 undergraduate students. The measures include the K-DS, ASI, STAI-S/T, OCI-R. The result show that the DS-R has gigh internal consistency(Cronbach ɑ=.86). The exploratory factor analysis results favored the 3-factor structure of the K-DS-R in this sample similarly the original DS(Olatunji et al., 2008). Study results also suggested that the K-DS-R was a reliable instrument. In addition, various estimates of validity of the K-DS-R was correlated positively with measures of anxiety, symptoms of OCD and anxiety disorders. This study discussed potential cultural differences in the concept of disgust elicitors, the utility of the K-DS-R, and study limitations.
The purpose of the present study is to confirm the reliability and validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In order to examine this, the Korean Version Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics, the Parental Bonding Instrument-Korean Version, the Sexual Abuse Scale, Symptom Checklist-90-Reversion(SCL-90-R) were administered to 393 university students. Internal consistencies and test-retest reliabilities of five subscales of the Korean Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were considered to an acceptable level. In addition, the results of exploratory factor analysis of the K-CTQ revealed a validation scale(Minimization/Denial Scale) and 5-factor structure : "emotional abuse", "physical abuse", "sexual abuse", "emotional neglect", "physical neglect". To test the convergent validity of K-CTQ, correlation analyses were conducted with the PCCT, the PBI-K. All of the K-CTQ subscales was positively correlated with corresponding subscales of the PCCT. The results of correlation and Oneway ANOVA between the K-CTQ and the SCL-90-R showed that the K-CTQ was associated with psychological maladjustment that reflect ill mental health. The results support the K-CTQ is a reliable and valid test. Finally, the practical use of K-CTQ in counselling and therapeutic intervention was discussed. Also the limitations of the present study and suggestions for the future research were discussed.
This study aimed to develop the Korean tool of competency to consent to psychiatric treatment and to analyze the reliability and validity of this tool. Also the developed tool's efficiency in determining whether a patient possesses treatment consent competence was checked using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and the relevant indices. A total of 193 patients with mental illness, who were hospitalized in a mental hospital or were in community mental health center, participated in this study. We administered a questionnaire consisting of 14 questions concerning understanding, appreciation, reasoning ability, and expression of a choice to the subjects. To investigate the validity of the tool, we conducted the K-MMSE, insight test, estimated IQ, and BPRS. The tool's reliability and usefulness were examined via Cronbach's alpha, ICC, and ROC analysis, and criterion related validation was performed. This tool showed that internal consistency and agreement between raters was relatively high(ICC .80~.98, Cronbach‘s alpha .56~.83)and the confirmatory factor analysis for constructive validation showed that the tool was valid. Also, estimated IQ, and MMSE were significantly correlated to understanding, appreciation, expression of a choice, and reasoning ability. However, the BPRS did not show significant correlation with any subcompetences. In ROC analysis, full scale cutoff score 18.5 was suggested. Subscale cutoff scores were understanding 4.5, appreciation 8.5, reasoning ability 3.5, and expression of a choice 0.5. These results suggest that this assessment tool is reliable, valid and efficient diagnostically. Finally, limitations and implications of this study were discussed.
The human rights of self-advocacy of people with disabilities is a important thing to enhance the human rights and quality of life of people with disabilities. This study examined the relations of the stress, depression, personal value perception affecting human rights of self-advocacy which is willness for activity to realize civil rights. This study demonstrated structural equation model analysis, and was investigated using multi-group analysis according to familly function of the people with spinal cord injury. The result of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this study model was good fit. According to the study results, stress promoted depression and depression also negatively influenced the human rights of self-advocacy of people with disabilities. Besides, stress negatively affected personal value perception and that negatively influenced The human rights of self-advocacy of people with disabilities, too. the result of multi-group analysis is consistent with assumption, which stress affects depression is different according to level of family function. This study is significant in that it verify the relation between circumstance factor(stress) and psycho-social factor(depression, personal value perception) affecting the human rights of self-advocacy. And the finding of this study suggests the resilience of family function to enhance the human rights of self-advocacy of people with disabilities.
Korean college students' sleep patterns (such as bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, sleep latency on weekdays and weekends), sleep quality, circadian typology and depression level were examined. Survey was conducted to 916(male: 449, female: 465, no response: 2) college students at universities in Seoul, Incheon and Chuncheon. The average sleep patterns of Korean college students were as follows: On weekdays, their bed time, wake-up time, sleep latency and sleep duration were 1:01 AM, 7:51 AM, 21minutes, 6.47 hours, respectively. On weekends, they went to bed 36 minutes later, woke up 2 hours and 9 minutes later, and slept 1.52 hours longer. There were grade effects in sleep latency and sleep duration of both weekdays and weekends. Freshmen showed the shortest sleep latency and senior the short sleep duration, on weekdays, and freshmen's wake-up time was later and sleep latency was shorter than senior's on weekends. Evening type showed longer sleep latency on both weekdays and weekends, and showed poorer sleep quality and higher depression level. The relations of bedtime and wake-up time of both weekdays and weekends were not significant after adjusting sex and circadian typology. However, the higher level of depression showed longer sleep latencies on both weekdays and weekends, showed shorter sleep durations on weekdays, and poorer sleep quality. The results were discussed in relation to the effects of insufficient sleep on physical/psychological health and adjustments, and also in relation to the ways to improve sleep hygiene concerning sleep patterns and circadian typology, such as minimizing the discrepancy between the biological circadian rhythm and the social/environmental demands on sleep/wake schedules.
This study aims to investigate how the life stress of college students and the life satisfaction expectancy are related to their physical and mental health, and the interaction of the life stress and life satisfaction expectancy on their health. The participants were 280 college students (106 females) lived in Seoul or its suburb, whose average of age were 22.06 (SD=2.88). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Life Stress Scale, Life Satisfaction Expectancy Scale, Physical Symptom Questionnaire, Perceived Health Inventory, Emotion Frequency Test, Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire, and the Korean Version of Subjective Well-being Scale. Results indicated that the life stress of college students related to all physical and mental health variables included in this study, and it was significant predictors of them. The life stress, especially, accounted for the 15.9% and 25.6% each of the variances for physical symptoms and depression. On the other hand, moderate effects of the life satisfaction expectancy on the relations of the life stress to physical symptoms, depression, and subjective well-being. Results of simple main effect analyses revealed that influences of life stress on physical symptoms and depression for students with lower life satisfaction expectancy were more stronger than those for students with higher life satisfaction expectancy, while influences of life stress on subjective well-being was vice versa. These means that it was identified the possibility of their buffering effect on negative results of the college students' life stress on their health. These moderate effects of the life satisfaction expectancy on health were discussed with motivational states theory and previous studies.
This study aims to establish the model of predicting Determinants of Happiness on Adolescents with data mining. The participants were 230 students from 1th, 2th, and 3th grade middle and high school located in Kyonggido whose ages ranged from 13 to 18. The related divisions entered in this research was traits, family, friend and school variables. The results were as follow: Neuroticism as an trait and self efficacy was most significant predictor of the feeling of happiness among adolescents. It was found that mother's over protection attitude as well as mother's affection attitude was significant predictor of adolescents, suggest roles of combination of both mothers' attitudes and its combination with academic achievement for happiness. This findings suggest that friend relationship might be side or byproduct variable in this period. These results are discussed in anticipated relationship between academic achievement and realistic career determination. Limitations are discussed in the contexts discrepancy of parental attitude and reverse casuality problem of academic achievement and happiness on adolescents.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychometric characteristic of korean version of problem gambling severity index in Canadian problem gambling index. For the sample of 1,000 people over 20, factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity was measured. KPGSI have showed one factor structure in the same with original PGSI, and acceptable reliability(internal consistency=.86; test-retest reliability=.62(p<.001). The concurrent-validity with KNODS is .66(p<.001) which means acceptable. Based on above results the strategies for following study of gambling problem are discussed.