The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of an academic stress management program based on Acceptance-Commitment Therapy on the levels of academic stress, socially prescribed perfectionism, trait anxiety, and post-event rumination among college students. This study also aimed to confirm the effect of this program on the level of self-soothing ability, which can act as a positive internal resource. For this purpose, among university students attending four-year universities in Korea, the levels of socially prescribed perfectionism and trait anxiety were found to be above average, and participants who agreed to participate in the research were selected. The twenty-four participants whose data were ultimately analyzed were assigned into a treatment group (twelve) and a control group (twelve). The ACT group counseling program was conducted once a week for a total of eight sessions. As a method of analysis, a pre-test before the program, a post-test after the program termination, and a follow-up test after 16 weeks of termination were conducted and analyzed using the academic stress scale, socially prescribed perfectionism scale, trait anxiety scale, post-event rumination scale, and self-soothing ability scale. As a result, the pre-post test showed significant decreases in academic stress, socially prescribed perfectionism, trait anxiety, and post-event rumination scores compared to the control group. Further, the self-soothing ability score increased significantly. In addition, in the pre-follow-up test, the treatment group showed significantly decreased socially prescribed perfectionism and trait anxiety scores than the control group, and the treatment group’s. self-soothing ability score increased significantly as well. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in academic stress and post-event rumination scores. These results indicate that the acceptance-commitment therapy conducted in this study was effective. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for follow-up studies.
This study investigated the levels psychological trauma, mental health, and safety-related variables among workers who experienced fatal industrial accidents (FIA) at the manufacturing workplaces, where FIAs mainly occur. The data were collected from three workplaces in which FIA occurred (the accident groups) and one workplace which had no experience of FIA (the control group). The accident groups were classified according to IES-R classification criteria (high-risk and low-risk groups) as well as the level of FIA exposure (directly-exposed, indirectly-exposed, and unexposed groups) in order to compare the levels of psychological trauma, mental health, and safety-related variables among workers. In the results, the high-risk group showed higher severity of symptoms in all factors of KSCL-95 compared to the low-risk group. The directly-exposed group exhibited a higher degree of event impact than the indirectly-exposed and unexposed groups, and also reported more serious symptoms in KSCL-95. The result of frequency analysis, which considered the level of FIA exposure and the IES-R classification criteria, showed that the proportions of high-risk workers found in the directly-exposed and indirectly-exposed groups were higher than that in the unexposed group. In addition, regarding safety-related variables, the low-risk group had a higher level of safety practice than the high-risk group, and most of the sub-factors in IES-R and KSCL-95 were negatively related to safety-related variables. Despite the many limitations involved with field research, the result of this study is significant in that it proved that even general industrial workers suffer psychological trauma after experiencing FIAs.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of systematic information processing on the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty and worry symptoms. In total, 282 male and female adults were asked to complete questionnaires assessing their intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12), systematic information processing, and worry symptoms (PWSQ). The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. The statistical analysis results were as follows: (1) The intolerance of uncertainty, systematic information processing, and worry symptoms showed a significant positive relationship. (2) The partial mediating effect of systematic information processing between the intolerance of uncertainty and worry symptoms was found to be significant in all participants. (3) There was a partial mediating effect of systematic information processing between prospective IU/inhibitory IU and worry symptoms. These results suggest that the intolerance of uncertainty affects worry symptoms through systematic information processing. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed in the conclusion along with suggestions for future research.
Using the concept mapping method, this study attempted to understand the psychological difficulties and coping strategies of nine spousal-caregivers (three husbands and six wives) of early-onset dementia patients from their perspective based on their own statements. To this end, the analysis collected 58 key sentences involving the psychological difficulties of caregiving; and 75 key sentences associated with coping strategies. After conducting multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis, the psychological difficulties of caregiving for early-onset dementia patients existed along two dimensions: the ‘personal factor/social factor’ and the ‘patient factor/caregiver factor’. The psychological difficulties of the spouses were further divided into seven clusters: ‘daily inconveniences’, ‘expectations and frustrations of external support’, ‘economic/emotional instability’, ‘difficulty in controlling emotions’, ‘cognitive/emotional difficulties in caregiving situations’, ‘compassion for young spouses’, and ‘restrictions on social activities’. Regarding the coping strategies, the dimensions consisted of ‘approach/avoidance coping’, and ‘external/internal coping’. The six clusters for coping strategies were: ‘giving up and acceptance’, ‘avoidance of the present situation’, ‘to do my best in the present with hope’, ‘change of mood and thoughts’, ‘strive for spouse’, and ‘external help and consolation’. This study is valuable in that it investigated the conceptual structure of the psychological difficulties and coping strategies that are experienced by spouses of early-onset dementia patients.
This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of self-regulation mode, volitional inhibition mode in the relationships between novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and behavior of internalization and externalization problems among adolescents. For this purpose, surveys using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), self-regulating ability scale (VCI), and internalization and externalization problem behavior scale of Youth Self-Report (YSR) were carried out with 290 middle school and high school students as the respondents. The results of the study showed that novelty seeking and harm avoidance were both positively related with internalization and externalization. Meanwhile, self-regulation mode, a mediating variable, was negatively related to all of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and internalization and externalization problems. . Second, it was found that only the volitional inhibition mode was partially mediated in the relationship between novelty seeking temperament and externalization problem behavior. Third, the relationship between harm avoidance temperament and internalization problem behavior was shown to be partially mediated by both the self-regulation mode and the volitional inhibition mode. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed in the conclusion.
The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that influence experts' judgments on games and their effects. This study surveyed 147 members of the Korean Psychological Association for correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis. In this study, 63% of the survey subjects answered that the disease coding of Gaming Disorder was not desirable. The elderly group, the group without experience in games, the group without knowledge about the game, and the group without children all had negative perceptions of the game; the negative attitude toward the game showed an inverse correlation with the degrees of 'openness' and 'game experience' in the personality variables, as well as a positive correlation with the degree of 'attitude toward the game behavior'. The regression analysis indicated that openness was a significant variable in predicting negative attitudes toward adolescents, and that 'age', 'game experience', and 'openness' were significant variables predicting adolescents' attitudes toward game use. A mediating analysis found that even if someone has a negative attitude toward adolescents, if that person has the 'openness' characteristic, that person will have a less negative view of games. Based on these results, we discussed the problem of disease coding to solve game usage problems with a medical approach and presented the opinions of the psychology community as a group of experts on the disease coding of Gaming Disorder.
The study analyzed the mediating effect of internalized shame and the moderated mediating effect of self-compassion in the relationship between covert narcissism and depression. Towards this end, a total of 394 men and women participated in a survey using Covert Narcissism Scale (CNS), Internalized Shame Scale (ISS), Depression Scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale: CES-D), and Korean Version of Self–compassion Scale (K-SCS). Data were analyzed using a mediation model (model 4), followed by a moderated mediation model (model 7), using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS macro v.3.3. The results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between covert narcissism, internalized shame, and depression. Self-compassion showed a significant negative correlation with other variables. Second, internalized shame partially mediated the correlation between covert narcissism and depression. Third, the mediated effect of internalized shame was controlled by self-compassion in the correlation between covert narcissism and depression. These findings suggest that self–compassion has a mitigating effect on internalized shame that has a mediated effect on depression. These findings are expected to contribute to the identification of a protective factor mediating the relationship between covert narcissism and depression. Finally, the significance and limitations of the study, and suggestions for a follow-up study are discussed based on the results.