The relationship between facetoface contact frequency, non-facetoface contact frequency, social support and depression to understand corona depression, considering developmental characteristic of emerging adulthood. This study was identify the path that facetoface contact frequency and non-facetoface contact frequency depression through social support. Participants were 248 students, attending a university in Seoul and mean age was 22.1 years. The facetoface contact frequency, non-facetoface contact frequency, social support and depression questionnaire w administered to participants. Results show that 1) the direct of facetoface contact frequency on depression was statistically significant, but indirect of facetoface contact frequency on depression through social support was statistically significant and 2) the indirect of non-facetoface contact frequency on depression through social support was statistically significant after controlling the gender. Our findings indicate reduced facetoface contact due to social distancing reduced non-facetoface contact due to social distancing can negatively depression suggest that non-facetoface contact as a resource of social support may be i prevent depression in social distancing situation
The purposes of this study was to examine the mediating impact of floor noise complaints outcome expectancy, between negative reciprocity beliefs and floor noise complains. The author administered the Negative Reciprocity Beliefs Scale, the Floor Noise Complaints Scale, and the Floor Noise Complaints Outcome Expectancy Scale to 195 adults living in apartments and multi-unit housing. Results are as follow. First, negative reciprocity beliefs have a significant positive correlation with floor noise complaints. Second, negative emotion decrease expectancy, has a significant positive correlation with floor noise complaints. Third, negative evaluation decrease expectancy, has a significant positive correlation with floor noise complaints. Fourth, negative emotion decrease expectancy, mediated the relationship between negative reciprocity beliefs and floor noise complaints. Fifth, negative evaluation decrease expectancy, did not mediate the relationship between negative reciprocity beliefs and floor noise complaints. The theoretical and practical implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the retrospective prevalence of adverse childhood experiences, and their impacts on health and mental health problems among adults. A total of 1,954 males and females age 30 and older, residing in Metro Seoul or the suburbs of Seoul, participated in the online survey. Results indicate: First, 59.7% of the participants were exposed to at least one category of adverse childhood experiences. And, 16.3% of the participants had experienced four or more category of ACE. The most commonly reported manifestations of ACE were emotional neglect (31.3%) and emotional abuse (22.7%), followed by alcohol abuse (16.8%), domestic violence (16.1%), physical abuse (15.1%), and sexual abuse (14.6%). Thus, there are many persons who had experienced ACE during childhood in our study population. Second, logistic regression was applied to examine the association between ACE and adult health status. The analysis was controlled for impacts of demographic factors such as age, gender, educational attainment, economic state, marital status. The risks increased for each of the health risk behaviors, health worry, and chronic diseases studied as the number of exposure to ACE increased. Persons who had experienced four or more categories of ACE, compared to those who had experienced none, had 1.6, 1.7, and 6.8 times increased health risks for high-risk smoke, high-risk drink, and suicide attempts respectively; a 2.1 times increase in health worry; 2.0-2.3 times increased risk of chronic diseases including a serious illness(cancer, heart disease, stroke), digestive trouble, and pain-related disease. Third, there was a strong graded relationship between the number of exposures to ACE, and adult mental health. That is, the risk increased for mental disorders as the number of ACE increased. Compared to those who had no ACE, persons who had experienced four or more category of ACE had 6.4, 9.0, and 10.1 times the odds of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, respectively. The implications and limitations of these results are discussed as well as future research.
Age differences in health literacy were explored in this study, by comparing gaze patterns through eye-tracking to understand older adults’ difficulty in processing health-related information. Fifteen younger and 12 older adults performed a computer-based health literacy task, while their visual attention was measured by monitoring their eye movements. Their gaze patterns were analyzed by creating three areas of interest (AOIs), namely a question AOI, a key-information AOI for answering the question, and a non-key information AOI. Results indicate that older adults were less accurate and slower in responding to the health literacy task than younger adults, especially regarding questions calculating the dosage of a drug and using nutrition labels. Additionally, older adults took longer to read the question. They also took longer to locate key-information, compared to their younger counterparts. Such patterns were frequently observed regarding numerical and nutrition label questions. Longer response time, longer fixation on questions, and longer time to locate key-information, were associated with lower accuracy of the health literacy task. Results suggest that health literacy may be lower among older adults, due to the difficulty in understanding health-related questions and finding key information.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of self-compassion writing on depression, anxiety, subjective well-being, and quality of life among breast cancer patients. Promotional posters were posted on the online community for breast cancer patients, and patients who voluntarily wanted to participate were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental group (n=16) and wait-control group (n=14). The experimental group participated in the self-compassion writing program using a video conference program (ZOOM). For the experimental group, the self-compassion writing program was completed over a period of two weeks, twice weekly, four sessions in total, and each session took approximately 60 minutes. As measuring tools, Korean Version of Self-Compassion Scale (K-SCS), State Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SSCS-SF), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Satisfaction Expectancy Scale (LSES), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) were used. All participants completed the pre-test, post-test, two weeks follow-up test. Analysis results are as follow: Compared to the wait-control group, the experimental group's self-compassion, state self-compassion, and quality of life significantly increased, while depression, trait anxiety and stress response significantly decreased. However, there were no significant differences in state anxiety, and subjective well-being. Last, the implications and limitations of this study, and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to achieve an integrative understanding of adolescents’ patterns of media use, by conducting a latent profile analysis on various subfactors of media use. Additionally, we tested if the identified latent classes of media use may be differentiated by adolescents’ psychological(depression, impulsivity) and demographic factors(sex, grade). A total of 916 6th grade elementary school students(390 males, 526 females) and 2nd grade 553 middle school students(228 males, 325 females) reported on their media use behavior(Internet, game, smartphone), the purposes of media use, and levels of depression and impulsivity. The results of the latent profile analysis indicate that adolescents’ patterns of media use are best described with five latent classes: ‘potential risk with high preoccupation’, ‘potential risk with low preoccupation’, ‘moderate users with high occupation’, ‘moderate users with high loss of control’, and ‘casual users.’ In the multi-logistic regression analysis, the identified latent classes were differentiated based on the purposes of media use, depression, impulsivity, and grade. This study represents an initial effort to explain complex patterns of media use in Korean adolescents, and offers practical implications by proposing potential targets to consider in early identification and prevention of media overuse problems.
This study aims to develop a scale for forms of self-criticism for adults. Its reliability and validity were then confirmed. The preliminary study consisted of a scale which extracted items from previous interview data where university students with high levels of self-criticism participated. For face validity, we consulted experts to formulate items of the Form of Self-Criticism Scale (FSCS) and conducted a survey with 369 university students using FSCS and FSCS-related psychological scales. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESFM) analysis indicated that FSCS demonstrated the best model fit when it consisted of 26 items with three factors—Blame, Monitoring, and Comparing. Blame consisted of items that could measure forms of self-criticism when one considered oneself insufficient. Monitoring included items for evaluating ways that one pushes oneself to reach their internal standard. Lastly, items for assessing the tendency of one’s self-stress and pressure due to their comparisons with others were found. As a result of verification for the reliability and validity of the FSCS, construct and concurrent reliability, and test-retest validity demonstrated that the study’s results were acceptable. Finally, we conclude by discussing the significance and limitations of this research and suggest possible future studies.