Art and music therapies are widely used in the field of clinical health psychology. This study was conducted to help health psychologists understand the rationale and therapeutic factors underlying these treatment modalities to help psychologists make informed decisions related to treatment provision. After presenting the definitions of art therapy and music therapy, we outlined their rationales. We then critically evaluated and summarized current meta-analyses and systematic reviews to provide the field with more comprehensive and up-to-date statements regarding the efficacy and therapeutic factors of these therapy approaches. Finally, limitations were considered and the roles of psychologists in these therapeutic contexts were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT) on emotional clarity, avoidant emotion regulation, and study-related stress of adolescent with emotion dysregulation. Three hundred and fifty nine high school student in Chonbuk province completed Korean Version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(K-DERS), Trait Meta-Mood Scale(TMMS), Emotion Regulation Style Checklist, Study-Related Stress Scale and Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ). sixteen patients who selected by those scales were randomly divided into an ACT group and control group (eight each). ACT program was administered for eight sessions. All participants completed Korean Version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(K-DERS), Trait Meta-Mood Scale(TMMS), Emotion Regulation Style Checklist, Study-Related Stress Scale and Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ) at pre-test, post-test, and at 4 weeks follow-up periods. The results of this study were as follows: emotion dysregulation, avoidant emotion regulation of therapy group decreased in the therapy group more than in the control group, whereas Emotional Clarity increased in the therapy group. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study, along with suggestions for future study were discussed.
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Mindfulness and Acceptance-based Therapy on Attachment Anxiety and Social Anxiety of university students with Preoccupied Attachment Type. Four hundred university students who lived in Chonbuk province completed Experience in Close Relationships(ECR), and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SADS). Eighteen students selected by those scales were randomly assigned to the Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based group Therapy (a total of 8) and in the control group (a total of 8). All participants completed Experience in Close Relationships (ECR), and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) at pre-treatment, at the end of treatment, and at 10 weeks follow-up period. Mindfulness and Acceptance-based Therapy was administered for 9 sessions. The results of this study were as follows: Attachment Anxiety and Social Anxiety of therapy group decreased more than the control group. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, as well as the suggestions for future study were discussed.
This study investigated the different effects and the evaluative responses of moving mediations and unmoving mediations. Forty-three college students were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups. The unmoving-first group practiced sitting and body scan meditation for 4 weeks while another 4 weeks of walking meditation and hatha yoga practice were followed. For the moving-first group, the order of practice was inversed. Psychological variables such as the level of mindfulness, psychological symptoms, the quality of life, meta cognition, self-compassion, as well as resilience and physiological variables such as BMI, heart rate, and blood pressures were measured at 3 time periods: before, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of practice. Eight weeks of meditation practice revealed beneficial effects on most of the psychological variables but not on the physiological variables while no significant differences in effect among the groups were observed. Analysis of two incremental scores by 2-way ANOVA(group by time) showed significant interaction effects in describe subscale of FFMQ, somatization subscale of BSI, and the total score and some subscales of SCS. Generally, unmoving meditation rather than moving meditation increased the beneficial effects more on those variables. The moving-first group rather than the unmoving-first group satisfied more the meditation program and perceived more personal changes, but there were no differences in the participation level. Besides, preference for the meditation methods differed depending on the kind of meditation first practiced. Experiencing the unmoving meditation seemed to increase the preference for the moving meditations. In this study, implications of the results for the development of meditation-based programs for college students and future research were suggested, as well as the limitations of this study.
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Positive Psychotherapy(PPT) Program on happiness, optimism, hopelessness and depression of the depression-prone adolescents. Four hundred seventy high school students completed the Subjective Happiness Scale(SHS), Revised Life Orientation Test(LOT-R), Beck Hopelessness Scale(BHS), Center for Epideiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). The students who gained more 16 point score by CES-D and have lower SHS were screened. Twenty patients who selected by those scales were randomly assigned to 10 in the PPT group and 10 in the waiting-list control group. All participants completed SHS, LOT-R, BHS, and CES-D at pre-treatment, end of treatment, and at 6 weeks follow-up periods. PPT program was administered for 8 sessions. The results of this study were as follows: Happiness and optimism of therapy group were significantly increased more than those of the waiting-list control group. And the effects of happiness was maintained up to follow- up. But hopelessness and depression were not signicant difference between therapy group and waiting-list control group. Finally, the implication and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the effectiveness of a visual exposure program to increase toddlers’ vegetable eating habits 2) the differences in the effectiveness between direct and indirect exposure groups, 3) the differences in the effectiveness according to the previous frequency of consumption. A total number of 104 children, aged 24 to 48 months old, participated in the exposure program in which the direct exposure used real vegetables and the indirect exposure used pictures of vegetables. The results showed that both the direct and the indirect exposure increased the amount of vegetable eating. The amount of vegetables not exposed during the experiment was increased in the case of direct exposure than in the indirect and the control groups. Based on the frequency of consumption, the effectiveness of a visual exposure was observed only in the direct and the low-frequency group. These results showed that the visual exposure was an effective method for improving vegetable consumption, and to change the children’s actual intake of food, real food exposure would be more effective. The clinical implications and limitations of the study were also discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Korean Game Addiction Scale for adults. Data from a stratified sample of 2,000 Korean adults residing in Korea were analyzed to identify the factor structure and reliability of the scale. In addition, criterion-related evidence of validity (concurrent and convergent) was examined. Consistent with our theoretical assumptions, the new scale revealed a stable higher order factor structure (second order-one factor, first order-seven factors), and the reliability of the scale was high (average Cronbach's alpha = .95, four week test-retest reliability = .84). The scale also showed high levels of concurrent and convergent validity. Implications of the findings and directions for future research on game addiction are discussed.
The purpose of the present study is to confirm psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in Korean adolescents. In order to examine this, the Korean Version Emotion Dysregulation Sclae, ERQ-CA, ERAS, ERCL, TMMS, K-YSR were administered to 1067 middle and high school students in Pusan. Finally reposes from 998 students were used for the analysis. In result, the results of exploratory factor analysis of the DERS in Korean adolescents revealed 6 factor structure: Nonacceptance, Impuse, Awareness, Strategies, Goals, Clarity. Also internal consistencies and test-retest reliabilities of six subscales of the DERS in Korean adolescents were considered to an acceptable level. To test the convergent validity of K-CTQ, correlation analyses were conducted with the ERQ-CA, ERAS, ERCL, TTMS. Most of the DERS subscales was significantly correlated with corresponding the other emotion regulation subscales. The results of correlation and Oneway ANOVA between the DERS and the YSR showed that the DERS was associated with internalized and externalized problem. The results support the DERS in Korean adolescents is a reliable and valid scale. Finally, the importance of emotion regulation of adolescents was discussed. Also the limitations of the present study and suggestions for the future research were discussed.
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Curiosity and Exploration Inventory(K-CEI), originally developed by Kashdan, Rose & Fincham(2004). 434 college students(age range: 17∼28) were asked to respond to the K-CEI and other questionnaires. Two dimension structure of exploration(appetitive strivings for novelty and challenge)and absorption(full engagement in specific activities) was found in exploratory factor analysis, with a high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that correlated two factors structure is better than one factor and independent two factors structure. K-CEI also showed good convergent and discriminant validity.
This research explores the differences as well as the relationship of resilience and psychological well-being between imprisoned inmates and the general public. Moreover, this research studies the psychological support to help inmates’ rehabilitation to the society after they are released from prison. The target subjects include male adults(n=150) who are currently imprisoned in jail and male adults(n=150) who are of the general public and have not received any legal punishment before. The result of this study indicates that the resilience and psychological well-being of the general public are significantly higher than those of the inmates. The correlation analysis between resilience and psychological well-being indicates that there are strong positive correlations between the two variables for both the inmate and the general public groups. The interaction effect between resilience and imprisonment is statically significant. The groups with high resilience do not show a difference in the psychological well-being between inmates and the general public. On the other hand, the groups with low resilience indicate that the psychological well-being of the general public is significantly higher than that of the inmates. The probability(odds ratio) to be classified as a criminal shows that the group with low resilience is 2.04 times higher than that with high resilience. Moreover, the group with a low psychological well-being has 3.40 times higher probability to be classified as a criminal than that with a high psychological well-being. As these results indicate inmates with high resilience experience the same level of psychological well-being as the general public hence, it is crucial to enhance the resilience of the inmates. In light of both the strong positive correlation between resilience and psychological well-being as well as the difference between the general public and the inmates, the study discusses the role and significance of resilience for the appropriate rehabilitation to the society after the inmates are released from prison. Finally, the limitation of this study and the direction for future study are also suggested.
The purpose of this study is to research the effect of sleep on welling in relation to stress and worry. Four hundred forty nine students in Seoul and Gyeongnam province, have been divided into 239 male students and 210 female students. The following tests and questionnaires have been performed on them: life stress scale for college students. Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ), emotion regulation strategies questionnaire(ERSQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Test (PSQI), physical symptom scale, Korean Depression Scale(KDS), functional status questionnaire(FSQ). In order to analyze the relation between them, a structural equation has been applied; as a result, both partial mediating model and full mediating model correspond with the collected data only in the women group. As a result of a direct comparison between the two models, the full mediating model is superior to the other one. Comparing and evaluating the two alternative models' goodness of fit, the simple effect model has not been supported, but the alternative model has been satisfactory in mediating the relation between worry and sleep. However, in direct comparison with the full mediating model, the full mediating model turns out to be more appropriate. These results imply that stress, worry, emotion regulation and sleep do not influence well-being respectively, but it is clear that they are related to one another and affect well-being. In addition, they suggest that the management of sleep, as well as that of stress and worry, is essential in order to sustain a firm physical, psychological and social function. Lastly, the limitations and further direction of this study have been discussed.
This study will provide the correlation of extroversion with: a part of personality feature, self-consciousness, and define mediated effect on each process related. This study used SBI (Savoring Belief Inventory), only the extroversion questions from NEO-PI-R (The Revised NEO Personality Inventory), Self-consciousness questions, ICQ (Interpersonal Competence). Questionnaires had been sent to college students staying in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do, Busan and were returned. Of the returned number, 326 were effective for this research. The correlation analysis result says that higher savoring beliefs are related to higher extroversion and, private/public self-consciousness, and lower social anxiety. The result shows that, the level of savoring beliefs depends on the level of extroversion or self-consciousness. This study is significant in the sense that it suggested the path that personal tendency with interpersonal competence influences savoring beliefs, and suggested that personal tendency could be a condition for a precautionary approach as well. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Adolescents are confronted by many psychological, and physical needs. In recent years, their adaptations can depend on parental attitudes of child rearing. The purpose of this study is to examine how parents' rearing attitudes are perceived by adolescents' self-regulation and school adjustment behaviors. A total of 420 middle school students living in Yong-in and Suwon Area are being recruited for this study. The subjects were asked to complete the demographic questionnaire, Parents' Child Rearing Attitude, Self-Regulation Inventory, and School Adjustment Scale. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, among three Parent's rearing attitudes as perceived by adolescents, the authoritarian and democratic attitudes significantly affect their self-regulation and school adjustment behaviors. Fathers' permissive attitudes only significantly affect the school adjustments. Secondly, self-regulation mediated the process between parents' rearing attitudes as perceived by adolescents and their school adjustments. Particularly, the authoritarian's parenting attitudes perceived by adolescents decreased the self-regulation and school adjustment behaviors completely. Additionally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for following studies are further discussed.
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parents’ rejective rearing attitude and cynical hostility and interpersonal stresses/social anxiety, and to examine the mediating effects of cynical hostility in the relationship between parents’ rejective rearing attitude and interpersonal stresses/social anxiety. The participants were 533 (273 males and 260 females) high school students, with an average age of 16.45 (SD=0.65). Perceived rejective rearing attitude of the parents, cynical hostility, and the level of interpersonal stresses and social anxiety were measured for this study. The results revealed that perceived parents’ rejective rearing attitude was positively correlated with cynical hostility of high school students. It was also found to be positively correlated with interpersonal stress as well as social anxiety, the relations was showed in rejective rearing attitudes of both father and mother. Parents’ rejective rearing attitude was significantly correlated with all sub-factors of interpersonal stresses and social anxiety. Also, cynical hostility of high school students was positively correlated with interpersonal stresses and social anxiety. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that cynical hostility was partially mediating parents’ rejective rearing attitude and interpersonal stresses as well as social anxiety. The influences of parents’ rejective rearing attitude and the roles of cynical hostility in interpersonal stress and social anxiety were discussed with the theory of individual psychology and previous studies, and the direction for further studies and clinical meaning of this study were recommended.
The purpose of this study is to explore effects of attachment and self-focused attention on gratitude and indebtedness in benefit situation. A sample of 327 students(173 men and 154 women) completed questionnaires of each variable for this study. The results showed significant main effect of attachment on gratitude and indebtedness. General self-focused attention, which is one of the sub factors of self-focused attention, also showed significant main effect on gratitude. In addition interaction effect of general self-focused attention and attachment on gratitude was revealed. The results show that an individual who has stable attachment feels more gratitude and less indebtedness than who has unstable attachment. Findings of this study imply that introspection aspects of general self-focused attention could affect the increase of gratitude. This study suggests that the gratitude intervention should consider other possible internal variables. Finally, the implications and limitation of this study as well as suggestions for further research were discussed.
The purpose of present study is to compare the correlations between the disgust sensitivity and pain-disgust association in children and adolescent patients with cancer (n=36) against non-patient children and adolescents (n=27). The participants are being administered with questionnaires of depression, anxiety, fear, and disgust sensitivity, and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) subsequently. The IAT was designed to identify which pair between fear-positivity, disgust-positivity, and fear-disgust has the strongest association with pain. The results of self-report measures indicated no differences between the cancer patient group and the non-patient group. However, the cancer patient group exhibited the result that the higher the level of disgust sensitivity, the stronger the association of pain with fear. The non-patient children and adolescents did not display a significant correlation between disgust sensitivity and pain-fear association. Based on such results, implications for cancer treatments were discussed.
There are many researches on the positive effect of the mindfulness. However, the researches on the factors of improving mindfulness are hard to be found. This study is trying to find how positive factors like self-esteem affect mindfulness. 775 college students were subjects of completed the K-MAAS, Self-Esteem Scale, Happiness Quotient, Spiritual Well-Being Scale. It revealed that Self-Esteem, Happiness, and Spiritual Well-Being were positively related to the degree of K-MAAS. Regression revealed that Self-Esteem positively is related to the mindfulness. The results of this study shows that it needs to improve the self-esteem for the activation of mindfulness
The study aimed to test Hagger and Chatzisarantis(2009)'s integration model of the theory of planned behaviour(TPB) and self-determination theory (SDT) in eating regulation behavior. Also Modified mode(competitive model) which som path was changed and public body shape․weight self-focused attention was included instead of PBC was examined. Participants were college female(N=287). As result of model test, Modifed model had a better model fit (χ2 = 18.37(df=12), p=.11, χ2 /df=1.53, GFI=.99, TLI=.97, CFI=.99, RMSEA=.04) than Hagger and Chatzisarantis(2009)'s model(χ2 = 87.25(df=12), p=.000, χ2 /df=7.27, GFI=.92, TLI=.68, CFI=.86, RMSEA=.15). Finally, Implications and limitations were discussed.