The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of parental problem drinking on daughter's compulsive eating. For this, a sample of 676 female undergraduates completed Bulimia Test-R, Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, Adult Children of Alcoholic Screening Test. Results are as follows. Adult children with parental problem drinking were high in ACOA traits and compulsive eating level than adult children without parental problem drinking. And parental problem drinking affected daughter's compulsive eating through the mediating effect of ACOA traits. In the sub-ACOA traits, Characteristics of Emotion and Characteristics of Relations mediated the relationship between parental problem drinking and adult children's compulsive eating. But Characteristics of Thought didn't mediate the relationship between parental problem drinking and adult children's compulsive eating. The findings show that parental problem drinking affects daughter's compulsive eating, but ACOA traits have a mediating effect between parental problem drinking and daughter's compulsive eating. Especially high levels of Characteristics of Emotion and Characteristics of Relations resulted in compulsive eating. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed and directions for future research were suggested.
Binge eating is a component common to obesity, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, as well as subclinical eating issues and reported by not only patients in the eating disorders clinic or hospitals but also by individuals in general population in communities and schools. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to health psychologists in the field of clinics, schools, etc. in helping patients overcome binge eating regardless of their diagnosis or weight. Literature of treatments of binge eating was reviewed and contributing factors of the behavior were listed in order to provide underlying thesis and evidence of this guideline. The guideline is based on cognitive behavioral approach and focused on the pursuit of healthy eating and engaging in various activities in life. It was emphasized that specific treatment program and its protocol should be flexible and tailored to administer to different individuals and change stages.
This study was tried to investigate that REE and RQ changes, and contents of weight loss might be different by weight control methods and to prove the prediction effects of REE and RQ for weight changes. For these purposes, 62 college women(BMI>23) were voluntarily recruited to response for advertizing. With the 2nd stepped selection procedures, 47 persons(15 diet group, 18 exercise group and 14 medication(Reductil 10mg-15mg/d) group) were finally selected. During the 3months course of study, 9 persons(4 for dieting group, 3 for exercise group and 2 for medication group) were dropped. Persons of diet group were forced to maintain 500kcal deficit per day of food intake on the basis of estimated daily requirements by REE at start point and present level of activity. Persons of exercise group also forced to maintain 500kcal deficit per day by exercise on the basis of estimated daily requirements by REE at start point and present level of food intake. Persons of medication group were maintained 10mg-15mg of Reductil per day and forced to maintain present level of food intake and activity. All persons should keep the write the daily eating diary and activity diary with pedometer and were monitored by specialists on weekly basis. Group LEARN program was done weekly for each group. At start, after 1month, and 3 months, anthrometric data(weight, BMI, FFM, FM, WC), REE and RQ were obtained. The results were as follows. First, There were no significant differences among three groups in the changing amounts of REE and RQ during 3 months. For each group, there was no significant change in the value of REE and RQ. However, changing patterns of REE and RQ according to time process were different by groups. Second, there were significant differences for each group in the changing amounts of weight, BMI, FFM, FM and WC during 3 months but there were no significant differences among three groups. However, changing patterns of FFM, FM and WC according to time process were different by groups. This might suggest that even weight loss was achieved, changing contents could be different by weight control methods. Third, REE and RQ value had no prediction effects for 3 months duration weight changes. Result that changing patterns of REE and RQ according to time process were different by groups even that there were no significant differences among three groups in the changing amounts of REE and RQ during 3 months may suggest that major weight control strategies can be arranged or mixed for effective weight control to keep the high REE and low RQ during the courses of weight control. Negative result for the prediction effects of REE and RQ may suggest the necessary to investigate it's relation with amounts of weight change or/and time lags after weight change.
This study examined the influence of emotion awareness and cognitive emotion regulation to mental health through structural equation modeling. A sample of 383 undergraduate students(180 men, and 203 women) completed Emotional Clarity subscale of Tait Meta-Mood Scale, Negative Mood Regulation Scale, Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-R, and Index of Subjective Well-being Scale. The structural equation modeling with AMOS was employed for analysis. In the hypothesis model, it was assumed that emotional clarity would be mediated with mental health by cognitive emotion regulation as well as that emotional clarity would effect on mental health. Partial mediation model was compared with liner mediation model and simple additive model. The partial mediation model was adopted because of its high goodness of fit and high explanatory power. In this model, the mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation was found in the relation, so that the hypothesis was supported. That is, this model showed that there was not only the direct effect of emotional clarity on mental health but also the indirect effect of cognitive emotional regulation on the relation between emotional clarity and mental health. These results suggest framework that understands potential mechanisms in the relation between emotion and mental health. Moreover, these findings can be applied to therapy for a useful prevention and intervention.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism explaining the relationship between depression and somatic symptoms. There was two questions to be solved to examine the mechanism, that is measure of somatic symptoms and classification of depressive group. To clarify relationship between depression and somatic symptoms, we selected subjects according to only depressive symptoms regardless of the degree of somatization. The somatic symptoms scale in Patient Questionnaire(PQ) of Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders(PRIME-MD), the depression scale of Symptom Checklist-90-Reversion(SCL-90-R), Somato-sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), and the physical interpretation scale of Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) were administered to 414 patients who complained of somatic symptoms. Compared with each group, depressive group's mean score of the total number of somatic symptoms, SSAS and physical interpretation were significantly higher than non-depressive group's. As a results of mediation analysis, in depressive group, the mediation effect of physical interpretation on the relationship between depression and somatic symptoms was found. These results suggested that physical interpretation was a critical mechanism explaining the relationship between depression and somatic symptoms.
The relationship of BIS/BAS, affective, and health locus of control was studied and joint subsystem hypothesis was examined in 285 students. Temperament of BIS and BAS , stress, hope, and health locus of control were measured with BIS/BAS Scale, Life Stress Scale, Hope Scale, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. The results showed there were positive relation between BIS and BAS, between BIS and stress, and between BAS and hope. Also BAS was positively related with internal health locus of control, but BIS was positively related with external health locus of control(powerful other health locus of control and chance health locus of control). There were not interaction effects between BIS high/low groups and BAS high/low groups in all scales. But there were significant difference in BIS+/BAS+, BIS+/BAS-, BIS-/BAS+, and BIS-/BAS+ groups. Based in this results it suggest there were subsystem joint effects but the effects were not enough. While this results show there is a need to prospect joint subsystem hypothesis with new approach. In discussion I discussed about this.
This study's aim is to examine whether a short exposure of a sexually violent material (SVM) adversely affects the implicit attitude on sexual violence (ASV). We developed a modified sexual violence-Implicit Association Test (SV-IAT) to measure implicit ASV, and investigated how an implicit and explicit ASV are changed after the short exposure of SVM depend on the likelihood of sexual aggression (LSA), using a video clip extracted from a sexually violent 3D game. In the first experiment, we examined the construct validity of SV-IAT. Among 80 male college student respondents on Rape Myth Acceptance scale (RMA), those above 25th and below 75th percentile on RMA score were selected, and then 30 recruited participants (15 higher and 15 lower) took part in SV-IAT individually. The result showed that SV-IAT did not discriminate the level of RMA. In the second experiment, 30 new male participants, volunteered from the same college, engaged in the same SV-IAT task twice, one week before and immediately after the exposure to the video clip. After that, they were divided into two groups by the mean score of self-reported LSA to analyze the impact of the video clip according to individual difference. In the results, the directions of the change of implicit ASV in each groups were significantly different. That is, high LSA group became more supportive on ASV, and low LSA group more negative, measured by SV-IAT. However, the both groups' scores of RMA decreased non-significantly. In discussion, meanings of these results and applications of SV-IAT in sexual violence research were delineated.
Early adjustment models had focused on deficiency or disorders. Recently, many researchers take a growing interest in resilience paradigm about people who do not develop emotional and psychological problems in spite of the environmental deficiencies. Adaptive resilience can be defined as a ability not to be influenced by stressful circumstances, and to reduce stress level remarkably. This study focused on the resilience and investigated the unconscious and conscious reactive mechanism characteristics of resilient people who maintain social adaptation with all psychological distresses. Total 222 female college students were participated in this study. Among people with high psychological distress, adaptive people were categorized as resilient group and non-adaptive people were vulnerable group. Their defense mechanism as unconscious reactive mechanism and coping strategy as conscious mechanism were statistically analyzed. Result showed that people with high distress use more immature and neurotic defense regardless of adjustment level. But resilient group use more narcissistic and mature defense and problem-solving and social support coping, while vulnerable group use more neurotic defense and emotion focused coping. Finally, the limitation and implication of this study were discussed.
This study examines the relationship between infant temperament and parent physiological reactivity to a infant smiling and crying stimuli tape during pregnancy. The data for this study came from a larger longitudinal study examining newlywed couples and the transition to parenthood. The current investigation examined 23 married couples who took part in both pregnancy and post birth measures. Couples came into the laboratory when each wife was approximately 6 months pregnant and again when their infant was 3-6 months old. At the prenatal visit, ECG and finger pulse transit time were measured during a baseline condition and a condition in which couples watched a tape with a smiling or crying baby. The Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; Rothbart, 1978) was administered to appraise the parents’ assessments of their infant’s temperament. Results revealed several measures of parent physiology, in response to infant signals, during pregnancy predicted parent report of infant temperament. Specifically, physiological responses indicating father relaxation were related to positive indexes of infant temperament, and physiological data indicating mother’s arousal in response to the smiling baby stimuli predicted later infant distress.
This study examined the effectiveness of a emotional expressed based meditation program which was developed to help college students keep their mental health. In this emotional expressed based meditation program the application of meditation is encouraged in line with emotional express. The program included emotional express, meditation application, and reflection of the program at the last session. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any treatment. 13 students in an experimental group and 13 students in a control group. The experimental group received treatments joining 8 sessions of the group meditation program over 8 weeks. The post-test results which was administered with the test kit of SCL-90-R (Symptom Checklist-op-Revision) showed that the meditation program was effective in reducing students' somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, GSI and PST and increasing self-efficacy. Finally, the meaning, the limitation of this study and the following study were discussed
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness on abstention from Smoking and self efficacy for the members being helped in a Smoking-Cessation Clinic. In order to examine this, 120 subjects who agreed to join the study among 134 who enrolled the smoking cessation clinic were measured of Smoking status and expired carbon monoxide concentration, stress evaluation scale and smoking cessation self efficacy scale. For the selected subjects for the study, 40 were assigned to the mindfulness meditation group, 40 to nicotine patch group, and 40 to waiting list group. Mindfulness meditation program had total 8 sessions and each session was 120 minutes. As a result, the mindfulness meditation group showed more reduced stress and increased self efficacy of smoking cessation than the nicotine patch group. These consequences had maintained for 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in follow up study. This result suggests that mindfulness meditation have effects on the continuous abstention from Smoking through increase the self regulation of stress that influence smoking. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
This article describes two studies to test the reliability and validity of a Korean Version of Self-Compassion Scale(K-SCS). In Study 1, the result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six-factor model consisting of Self-Kindness, Self-Judgment. Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness, and Over-identified fit better than one-single model and three model. The internal consistency of the K-SCS and its subscales was good. Self-compassion as measured by the K-SCS was significantly correlated with positive mental health outcomes such as less depression and anxiety and greater life satisfaction. In Study 2, the result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six factor model fit better than one-single model and three model, as in study 1. The internal consistency of the K-SCS and its subscales was good. The result of validity analysis indicate that self-compassion was significantly correlated with positive mental health outcomes such as less depression and anxiety, and greater emotional regulation. Moreover, self-compassion was more strongly correlated with self-esteem than narcissism. These findings suggest that the K-SCS is a reliable and valid scale to measure self-compassion. Finally, the implications of this study and direction for future study were discussed.
The purpose of this study is to do a preliminary study on developing the Korean Forgiveness Scale(KFS). The sample consists of 284 university students and 219 their parents. The measures include the KFS, one-item forgiveness question, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Spielberger Anxiety and Anger Scale, and CES-D. The results show that the KFS has high internal consistency(Cronbach α=.95) and good test-retest reliability(r=.84). Both explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the KFS has one factor which explains 44.27% of total variance. The KFS is highly correlated to one-item forgiveness question. In addition, the KFS scores are significantly different between forgiveness and non-forgiveness groups. Finally, the KFS is negatively correlated to anger, anxiety, and depression. These results suggest that the KFS has good reliability and validity. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.