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Effects of rTMS on the hippocampal plasticity in the chronic mild stress model of depression

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2006, v.18 no.4, pp.339-353




(New York University)


Abstract

Despite its therapeutic success in treating major depression, little is known about the mechanism by which repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) alters physiological responses of neurons. To elucidate cellular processes underlying rTMS, we compared the effect of rTMS on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) with those of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and fluoxetine. Male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS) regimen, an animal model of depression, for six weeks. Anhedonia, a behavioral symptom of depression, was tested by measuring sucrose consumptions. There was a significant difference in sucrose intake between nave and CMS-exposed animals. The rats were then treated with one of the three conditions: rTMS (rTMS), sham rTMS (SHAM), ECS (ECS), or fluoxetine (FLX) for two weeks. Following two weeks of treatments with rTMS, sham rTMS, ECS, or fluoxetine, they were anesthetized and LTP was induced in vivo in the perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were monitored for 50 min after the LTP induction. LTP induction was impaired in CMS (sham rTMS) and FLX group compared to the nave control group. The potentiated fEPSP of the ECS group was marginally different from that of NAVE group, showing a trend toward impaired LTP. On the other hand, LTP was recovered to the level of nave animals in rats treated with rTMS. These results suggest that rTMS has a rescuing effect on electrophysiological properties of the hippocampal neurons by reversing the impaired synaptic efficacy caused by the CMS procedure and that the antidepressant effect of rTMS might be mediated by its protective action on the synaptic plasticity.

keywords
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), depression, chronic mild stress (CMS), long-term, 경두개자기자극(rTMS), 우울증, 만성스트레스(CMS), 장기상승작용(LTP), 전기경련충격(ECS)

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The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology