- Log In/Sign Up
- P-ISSN1226-9654
- E-ISSN2733-466X
- KCI
ISSN : 1226-9654
Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Working and Recognition Memory: Implication on Driving
Abstract
To investigate the nature of memory deficit of Mild Cognitive Impairment patient group(MCI group), the present study measured MCI group's verbal and spatial working memory capacity and recognition ability for dynamic driving scenes(which were varied in their temporal position) in terms of sensitivity(d') and response criterion(c), and compared them with those of college students and normal old-aged group. The results can be summarized as followings: First, MCI patient showed more degraded performances in both types of memory tasks than the other two groups. Second, although MCI group showed stable and lowered sensitivity for driving-scene stimulus along the different temporal position, normal old groups showed increased sensitivity for the relatively recent stimulus(i.e., observed 5 seconds before). Third, MCI group tended to respond based on unstable response criterion which resulted in a large fluctuation from conservative to lenient responses, whereas college students and normal old groups appeared to adopt relatively stable and neutral(or lenient in case of normal old group) response criterion. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
- keywords
- working memory, driving situational recognition memory, driving performance, aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, 작업기억, 동적상황 재인기억, 운전수행, 노화, 경도 인지기능 장애
Reference
강연욱, 나덕렬, 한승혜 (1997). 치매환자들을 대상으로 한 K-MMSE의 타당도 연구. 대한신경과학회지, 15(2), 300-308.
유현주, 김미라, 이정모. (2006). 작업기억의 개인차: 무관련 정도 억제의 차이. 한국인지과학회 논문지, 17, 207-229.
Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4(11), 417-423.
Baddeley, A. D., Baddeley, H. A., Bucks, R. S., & Wilcock, G. K. (2001). Attentional control in Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 124, 1492-1508.
Baddeley, A. D., & Logie, R. H. (1999). Working memory: The multiple-component model. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory (pp.28-61). New York: Cambridge University Press
Ball, K., & Owsley, C., Sloane, M. E., Roenker, D. L., & Bruni, J. R. (1993). Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34: 3110-3123.
Bedard, M., Molloy, D. W., & Lever, J. A. (1998). Factors associated with motor vehicle crashes in cognitive impaired older adults. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 12. 135-139.
Bolstad, C. A., & Hess, T. M. (2000). Situation awareness and aging. In M. R. Endsley, & D. J. Garland (Eds), Situation awareness, analysis and measurement (pp.277-301). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Brouwer, W. H., & Ponds, R. W. H. M. (1994). Driving competence in older persons. Disability and Rehabilitation, 16(3), 149-161.
Brayne, C., Dufouil, C., Ahmed, A., Dening, T. R., Chi, L., McGee, M., & Huppert, F. A. (2000). Very old drivers: Findings from a population cohort of people aged 84 and over. International Journal of Epidemilology, 29, 704-707.
Brown, R. G., & Marsden, C. D. (1991). Dual task performance and processing resources in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain, 114, 215–231.
Cerella, J. (1985). Information processing rate in the elderly. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 67-83.
Christie, R. (2000). Driver licensing requirements and performance standards including driver and rider training. Melbourne, Australia: National Road Transport Commission.
Daigneault, G., Joly, P., & Frigon, J. (2002). Previous convictions or accidents and the risk of subsequent accidents of older drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34, 257-261.
Duchek, J. M., Hunt, L., Ball, K., Buckles, V., & Morris, J. C. (1998). Attention and driving performance in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 53B, 130-141.
Duchek, J. M., Carr, D. B., & Hunt, L. (2003). Longitudinal driving performance in early-stage demenia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 51, 1342-1347.
Eby, D. W., & Kostyniuk, L. P. (1998). Maintaining older driver mobility and well-being with traveler information system. Transportation Quarterly, 52(4), 45-53.
Evans, L. (1988). Older driver involvement in fatal and severe traffic crashes. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 43, 5186-5193.
Evans, L. (1991). Traffic Safety and the Driver. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Evans, L. (2000). Risks older drivers face themselves and threats they pose to other road users. International Journal of Epidemiology, 29(2), 315-322.
Fansen, K., & Jie, S. (2005). Computer simulation of driver working memory processing. Proceedings of the I MECH E PART D Journal of Automobile Engineering, 10, 1165-1171.
Fox, G., Boweden, S., Bashford, G., & Smith, D. (1997). Alzheimer's disease and driving: Prediction and assessment of driving performance. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45, 949-953.
French, D. J., West, R. J., Elander, J., & Wilding, J. M. (1993). Decision-making style, driving style, and self-reported involvement in road traffic accidents. Ergonomics, 36, 627-644.
Friedland, R. P., Koss, E., Kumar, A., Gaine, S., Metzler, D., Haxby, J. V., & Moore, A. (1988). Motor vehicle crashes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Annuals of Neurology, 24, 782-786.
Gallo, J, J., Rebok, G. W., & Lesikar, S. E. (1999). The driving habits of adults aged 60 years and older. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 335-341.
Gilley, D. W., Wilson, R. S., & Bennett, D. A. (1991). Cesation of driving and unsafe motor vehicle operation by dementia patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 151. 941-946.
Grady, C. L., & Craik, F. I. (2000). Changes in memory processing with age. Current opinion in neurobiology, 10(2), 224-31.
Hakamies-Blomqvist, L. (1994). Compensation in older drivers as reflected in their fatal accidents. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 26, 107-112.
Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Johansson, K., & Lundberg, C. (1996). Medical screening of older drivers as a traffic safety measure: a comparative Finnish-Swedish evaluation study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 446, 650-653.
Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Raitenan, T., & O'Neill, D. (2002). Driver ageing does not cause higher accident rates per km. Transportation Research Part F 5, 271-274.
Han, S. H., & Kim, M. S. (2004). Visual search does not remain efficient when executive working memory is working. Psychological Science, 15, 623-628.
Johansson, K., & Lundberg, C. (1997). The international consensus conference on dementia and driving: A brief report. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 11(1), 62-69.
Kapust, L., & Weintraub, S. (1992). To drive or not to drive: Preliminary results from the road testing of patients with dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 5(4), 210-216.
Katrin, D,, Monika, S., Bernd, I., Christoph, R., Jörg, M., & Göran, H. (2008). Neural correlates of emotional working memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 46, 37-48.
Kausler, D. H. (1991). Experimental psychology: Cognition and human aging. New York: Wiley.
Lecerf, T., & Roulin, J. (2006). Distinction between Visuo-Spatial Short-Term Memory and Working Memory Span Tasks. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 65, 37-54.
Li, G., Braver, E., & Chen, L. H. (2003). Fragility versus Excessive Crash Involvement as Determinants of High Death Rates per Vehicle-Mile of Travel for Older Drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35, 227-235.
Lucas-Blaustein, M. J., Filipp, L., Dungan, C., & Tune, L. (1988). Driving in patients with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 36, 1087-1091.
McCarley, J., Vais, M., Pringle, H., Kramer, A., Irwin, D., & Strayer, D. (2001). Conversation disrupts visual scanning of Traffic scenes. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Vision in Vehicle.
McKnight, A. J., & McKnight, A. S. (1999). Multivariate analysis of age-related driver ability and performance deficits. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 31, 445–454.
Morris, J. C. (1994). Conflicts of interest: Research and clinical care. Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders, 8, 49-57.
Morris, J. C., Storandt, M., Miller, J. P., McKeel, D. W., Jr., Price, J. L., & Rubin, E. H. (2001). Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 58, 397-405.
Odenheimer, G. (1993). Dementia and the older driver. Clinical Geriatric Medicine, 9(2), 349-364.
O'Neill, D., Neubauer, K., Boyle, M., Gerrard, J., & Surmon, D. (1992). Dementia and driving. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 85(4), 199-202.
Petersen, R. C., Smith, X, E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology, 56(6), 303-308.
Reger, M. A., Welsh, R. K., Watson, G. S., Cholerton, B., Baker, L. D., & Craft, S. (2004). The relationship between neuropsychological functioning and driving ability in dementia: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology, 18, 85-93.
Retchin, S. M., & Hillner, B. E. (1994). The costs and benefits of a screening program to detect dementia in older drivers. Medicine of Decision Making. 14, 315-324.
Richardson, E. D, Marottoli, R. A. (2003). Visual attention and driving behaviors among community-living older persons. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 58, 832-836.
Rizzo, M., McGehee, D. V., Dawson, J. D., & Andersen, J. N. (2001). Simulated car crashes at intersections in drivers with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 15, 10-20.
Ryan, G. A., Legge, M., & Rosman, D. (1998). Age related changes in drivers' crash risk and crash type. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 30(3), 379-387.
Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-428.
Salthouse, T. A., & Skovronek, E. (1992). Within-context assessment of age differences in working memory. Journal of gerontology, 47(3), 110-120.
Sa1thouse, T. A. , Mitchell, D. R., Skovronek, E., & Babcook, R. L. (l989). Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial ability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, l5, 507-516.
Schlag, B. (1993). Elderly drivers in Germany -fitness and driving behavior. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 25(1), 47-55.
Schonfield, A. (1969). In Search of Early Memories. Paper presented at the International Congress of Gerontology, Washington, D. C.
Simone, P. M., &; Baylis, G. C. (1997). Selective attention in a reaching task: effect of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of experimental psychology: Human perception and performance, 23(3), 595-608.
Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999). Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283, 1657-1661.
Sternberg, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153, 652-654.
Szlyk, J. P., Myers, L., Zhang, Y. X., Wetzel, L., & Shapiro, R. (2002). Development and assessment of a neuropsychological battery to aid in predicting driving performance. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 39, 483-496
Tuokko, H., Tallman, K., Beattie, B. L., Cooper, P., & Weir, J. (1995). An examination of driving records in a dementia clinic. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 50B(3), 173-181.
Verhaegen, P. K., Toebat, K. L., & Delbeke, L. L. (1988). Safety of older drivers: A study in their overinvolvement ratio. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society-32 Annual Meeting, 185-188.
Verhaeghen, P., Cerella, J., Semenec, S. C., Leo, M. E., Bopp, K. L., & Steitz, D. W. (2002). Cognitive efficiency modes in old age: Performance on sequential and coordinative verbal and visuo-spatial tasks. Psychology and Aging, 17, 558-570.
Waller, J. A. (1991). Health status and motor vehicle crashes. New England Journal of Medicine. 324, 54-55.
West, R. L., Crook, T. H., & Barron, K. L. (1992). Everyday memory performance across the life span: The effects of age and noncognitive individual differences. Psychology and Aging, 7(1), 72-82.
Wild, K., & Cotrell, V. (2003). Identifying driving impairment in Alzheimer disease: a comparison of self and observer reports versus driving evaluation. Alzheimer's Disease Associated Disorder. 17, 27-34.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations