Effects of Item vs. Associative Strength on Intentional Forgetting in the Think/No-think Paradigm

본 연구는 원하지 않는 기억의 인출을 인지적으로 억제할 수 있다는 사실을 실험적으로 증명한 생각/생각회피 패러다임(think/no-think paradigm)을 사용하여 1) 표적 항목의 기억 강도가 높을수록 인지적 억제가 촉진되어 망각이 잘 발생하고 2) 반면에 단서와 표적의 연합 강도가 높으면 간섭이 약화되어 망각이 덜 발생할 가능성을 검증하였다. 실험 1에서는 표적 항목의 기억 강도를 조작하기 위해 부정적이거나 중립적인 정서가를 가진 단어들을 사용하고, 사전 연합 학습 단계의 훈련 수준에 따라 단서와 표적 간 연합 강도의 세기를 구분하였다. 그 결과, 중성적인 표적에 비해 부정적인 표적에 대한 망각이 회피 조건에서 더 크게 발생하였다. 또한 표적이 사전 학습 단계에서 학습이 잘 되었을수록 망각이 덜 발생하였다. 실험 2에서는 표적 대신 단서의 정서가를 조작함으로써 단어쌍의 연합 강도를 실험 1과 같게 유지한 채 표적 항목의 기억 강도는 조건별 차이가 나지 않도록 하였다. 그 결과, 사전 학습의 효과는 재현되었지만 단서의 정서가는 표적의 망각에 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 항목 자체가 가지는 기억 강도와 항목들 간의 연합 강도가 각각 억제와 간섭을 통해 독립적으로 의도적 망각에 상반된 효과를 유발할 수 있음을 증명한다.

keywords: 생각/생각회피 과제, 의도적 망각, 인지적 조절, 억제, 간섭, think/no-think paradigm, intentional forgetting, cognitive control, inhibition, interference

Abstract

The present study hypothesized 1) that the forgetting effects would be greater for targets with strong item memory strength because the item to be forgotten is clear and easily accessed by cognitive control process, 2) the forgetting effects would be lesser for the cue-target pairs with strong associative memory strength because the effect of interference from other competitive stimuli associated with the cue is relatively smaller using think/no-think (TNT) paradigm demonstrated the facts that unwanted memory can be forgotten intentionally. In Experiment 1, target stimuli had either emotional or neutral content to adjust item memory strength of the target while cue-target pairs were distinguished based on the associative memory strength between cue and target words during a training phase. Results indicated an enhancing effect on the think condition and suppressing effect on the no-think condition following repeated practice given the target contained negative valence rather than neutral valence. In addition, greater suppression was observed when cue-target pairs contained weak associative memory strength. In Experiment 2, instead of targets, the valence of cues was changed to adjust the item memory strength of cue stimuli while maintaining the level of associative memory strength between cue-target pairs. The associative memory strength effect depending on the training level in the learning phase was almost the same as in Experiment 1, but there was no significant difference between valences of cues. The finding indicates that the item memory strength and the associative memory strength have opposite effects on intentional forgetting by the inhibition and interference mechanism respectively.

keywords: 생각/생각회피 과제, 의도적 망각, 인지적 조절, 억제, 간섭, think/no-think paradigm, intentional forgetting, cognitive control, inhibition, interference

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논문 상세

Vol.24 No.3

생각회피 훈련을 통한 의도적 망각에서 항목 강도와 연합 강도의 효과

Effects of Item vs. Associative Strength on Intentional Forgetting in the Think/No-think Paradigm

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물