ISSN : 1226-9654
인출 유도 망각이란 이전에 학습한 항목을 반복적으로 인출하는 것이 인출시키지 않은 관련 항목의 망각을 일으키는 현상을 말한다. 본 연구는 인출 유도 망각에 미치는 부적 정서의 효과를 조사하게 위해 계획되었다. 두 개의 실험에 총 189명의 참가자가 자원하였다. 실험 1에서는 범주의 정서 강도를 조작하여 RIF를 관찰하였다. 학습 목록의 정서가는 각 범주에 해당하는 중성 단어에 정서적 형용사를 함께 제시하여 정서가를 덧붙이는 방식으로 조작되었다. 참가자들은 먼저 총 6개 범주에 속한 6개씩의 범주 내 예제 단어들을 학습하였다. 이후에 참가자들에게 범주 내 단어들의 절반에 대한 인출 연습을 실시하였다. 참가자들은 최종적으로 이전에 학습했던 모든 단어들에 대한 회상 검사를 받았다. 실험 1의 결과 중성범주 목록과 약한 정서범주 목록에서 RIF가 관찰되었다. 실험 2에서는 모든 범주 내 자극이 부적인 조건, Rp+가 부적이고 Rp-가 중성인 조건, Rp+가 중성이고 Rp-가 부적인 조건, 그리고 모두 중성인 네 개의 조건으로 조작하였다. 인출연습을 시킨 단어들(RP+)이 중성이고 인출연습을 시키지 않은 단어들(RP-)이 부적정서인 범주 조건을 제외하고 모든 조건에서 RIF가 관찰되었다. 두 실험의 결과는 강한 부적 정서자극에 대해 RIF가 관찰되지 않을 가능성이 있다는 점을 제안한다.
Retrieval-induced forgetting implies that repeatedly retrieving a subset of previously studied items can cause forgetting of related non-retrieved material. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of negative emotion on retrieval-induced forgetting(RIF). Two experiments were conducted with 189 volunteers. The emotional valence within lists was manipulated as attaching emotional adjectives on neutral words in each category. Participants studied words from total 6 categories and it consisted of neutral and emotional stimuli in each category. And then they repeatedly retrieved a subset of the neutral material. Later, a recall test was conducted for all previously studied items. When participants studied neutral and negative stimuli in one category and then only repeatedly retrieved a subset of the neutral material (RP+), retrieval practice on the neutral items caused effect of the retrieval-induced forgetting on the emotional stimuli (RP-). Namely, the emotional valence had a different effect on retrieval-induced forgetting across RP+ and RP- conditions. And the effect systemically varied with the intensity of emotionality in the lists.
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