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공간주파수가 인종 간 얼굴인식효과에 미치는 영향 -양안경합 패러다임을 사용하여

Effects of Spatial Frequency on the Own-Race Effect using a Binocular Rivalry Paradigm

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2013, v.25 no.2, pp.129-151
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2013.25.2.001
윤태웅 (연세대학교 인지과학 협동과정, 육군삼사관학교)
정상철 (연세대학교 인지과학 협동과정, 심리학과)

초록

타 인종 얼굴은 자신과 동일한 인종 얼굴에 비해 인식능력이 떨어지는데, 이것을 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과라 한다. 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과는 각 인종 얼굴의 전체적 처리과정 중에서 발생하는 차이에서 비롯된다고 알려져 있고, 이러한 전체적 처리과정은 주로 낮은 공간주파수(Low Spatial Frequency: LSF) 정보를 사용하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 이 사실들에 기반을 두어 공간주파수 정보가 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과에 미치는 영향을 지각적 수준에서 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과가 자극의 입력 수준에서 일어나는지를 알아보기 위해 양안경합 패러다임을 사용하여 참가자와 동일한 인종 얼굴자극과 타 인종 얼굴자극의 지각시간을 비교하였다. 또한, 동일한 패러다임을 사용하여 낮은 공간주파수 정보만을 포함한 얼굴자극과 높은 공간주파수 정보(High Spatial Frequency: HSF)만을 포함한 얼굴자극의 지각시간을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 동일한 인종 얼굴자극 지각 시간이 타 인종 얼굴자극 지각 시간보다 길었으며, LSF 정보만을 포함한 얼굴자극이 HSF 정보만을 포함한 얼굴자극 보다 길게 지각되었다. 실험 2에서는 얼굴에 포함된 공간주파수 정보 간의 우세관계가 양안경합 상황에서 나타나는 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 참가자와 동일한 인종의 얼굴자극이 LSF 정보를 포함하고 있을 때, 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과가 강하게 나타났으며, 반대로 동일한 인종의 얼굴자극이 HSF 정보만을 포함하고 있을 때는 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과들은 낮은 공간주파수 정보가 인종 간 얼굴인식 효과에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 시사한다.

keywords
The own-race effect, Spatial Frequency, Binocular Rivalry, Holistic process, 인종 간 얼굴인식효과, 공간주파수, 양안경합, 전체적 처리과정

Abstract

The own-race effect (ORE) is a phenomenon of which people are better at recognizing faces of their own race (SR) compared to those of other races (OR). According to Tanaka, Kiefer, & Bukach (2004), the ORE is caused by different levels of holistic process between SR and OR faces. On the other hand, the holistic process mainly relies on low spatial frequency (LSF) information (Derulle & Fagot, 2005; Flevaris, Robertson, & Bentin, 2008; Goffaux & Rossion, 2006; Harel & Bentin, 2009). Based on those two findings, we investigated the interaction between ORE and spatial frequency at perceptual level using a binocular rivalry paradigm. In Experiment 1, we observed the ORE at perceptual level and the perceptual dominancy of LSF face over HSF face. In Experiment 2, we investigated how different spatial frequency information influenced the ORE. Through the experiments, we found that the ORE was observed only when SR face had LSF information. These results show that LSF information in SR face is an important factor of the ORE.

keywords
The own-race effect, Spatial Frequency, Binocular Rivalry, Holistic process, 인종 간 얼굴인식효과, 공간주파수, 양안경합, 전체적 처리과정

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