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Vol.27 No.2

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Adaptive visual search in the distractor previewing effect: Focusing on feature previewing history and task context

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2015, v.27 no.2, pp.253-274
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2015.27.2.009

(2015). Adaptive visual search in the distractor previewing effect: Focusing on feature previewing history and task context. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 27(2), 253-274, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2015.27.2.009

Abstract

The nature of adaptive visual search was investigated using the distractor previewing effect (DPE). In a color oddball search task, search times increase for targets whose colors were previewed in a preceding target-absent display (TAD) compared to distractors whose colors being previewed in the TAD. Thus, target-color previewing (TP) trials are typically slower than distractor-color previewing (DP) trials, and this response time (RT) difference is the DPE. For the purpose of the study, color previewing history was varied to examine temporal integration of visual experience with trial-by-trial adjustments being simultaneously made, and task context were manipulated to induce (un)predictable target appearance times. TADs ranging from 0 to 5 (Exp. 1) or from 0 to 2 (Exp. 2) were presented prior to a target-present display, and the number of TADs was blocked (Exp. A) or randomized (Exp. B), resulting in four experiments 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B being conducted. All experiments similarly showed: (a) increased RTs for TP than for DP trials; (b) increased RTs with increasing TADs; and (c) different DPEs as a function of the TAD. In addition, Experiments 2A and 2B showed that search times depended on the colors of the TAD, immediately rather than remotely preceding the target display. Differences were also found between the block (predictable) and random (unpredictable) designs. Compared to no color previewing trials, all TP trials were slower in both designs, but DP trials differed in that RT was faster in all TADs in the unpredictable context but only in the 1TAD and 2TADs in the predictable context. Moreover, the unpredictable context did not showed a DPE after one TAD presentation unlike the predictable context. These results suggest that (a) visual experience leaves memory traces and is accumulated into memory while trial-by-trial adjustments are made; and further (b) depending on the demand that a given task requires humans exert their top-down control of attention accordingly.

keywords
적응적, 시각 탐색, 방해자극 미리보기 효과, 미리보기 역사, 주의 통제, adaptive, visual search, the distractor previewing effect (DPE), previewing history, attentional control

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