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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.30 No.2

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Effects of task and environmental constraints on postural control in dart throwing

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2018, v.30 no.2, pp.69-95
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2018.30.2.001


& (2018). Effects of task and environmental constraints on postural control in dart throwing. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 30(2), 69-95, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2018.30.2.001

Abstract

Two experiments were directed at postural coordination in dart throwing. Darts can be thrown using only the elbow and wrist while keeping the rest of the body stationary. In order to introduce variability in the coordination pattern, distances to the target (Experiment 1), and the characteristics of support surface (Experiment 2) were varied. Dart throwing data were obtained using a wireless motion tracking system via sensors attached to the index finger, wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle of the right side (the throwing hand) with additional sensors attached to the head and the left shoulder, for a total of 9 sensors. Cross-correlations between joints (wrist-elbow, wrist-shoulder, wrist-hip, wrist-knee, wrist-ankle, elbow-shoulder, elbow-hip, elbow-knee, elbow-ankle, shoulder-hip, shoulder-knee, shoulder-ankle, hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle) were used to construct coordination patterns. The standard deviations of the head and the right shoulder motion were used to assess body sway. In each condition of target distance (Experiment 1) and support surface (Experiment 2), participants threw darts 20 times, preceded by 20 practice throws. Different patterns of coordination arose as a function of target distance and support surface. Coupling strengths between joints were rearranged to cope with different demands imposed by different task constraints. Of particular interest was the finding that body sway was minimal in the narrow beam condition, less than in the wide plank or yoga mattress condition. Results suggest that the motor control system accomplishes a goal-directed movement by reassembling the multijoint kinematic chain dynamically under different task constraints.

keywords
다트 던지기, 다분절 운동 사슬, 협응, 교차상관분석, 자세유지, Dart throwing, Mulitijoint kinematic chain, Coordination, Cross-correlation, Postural control

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